aspartate transaminase
Pathways
C4 and CAM-carbon fixation (BRENDA)






EC Number
Reaction
Pathways
Reaction IDs
Stoichiometry Check
Missing Substrate
Missing Product
Commentary
Remark
L-alanine + 2-oxoglutarate = pyruvate + L-glutamate

Alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism,
Carbon fixation in photosynthetic organisms,
Metabolic pathways,
Microbial metabolism in diverse environments,
Carbon metabolism,
2-Oxocarboxylic acid metabolism,
Biosynthesis of amino acids

L-alanine degradation V (oxidative Stickland reaction),
C4 photosynthetic carbon assimilation cycle, PEPCK type,
C4 photosynthetic carbon assimilation cycle, NAD-ME type,
anaerobic energy metabolism (invertebrates, cytosol),
L-alanine degradation II (to D-lactate),
L-alanine degradation III,
L-alanine biosynthesis II
-
-
-
-
natural substrates
alanine-oxo-acid transaminase
L-alanine + 2-oxoglutarate = pyruvate + L-glutamate

Alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism,
Carbon fixation in photosynthetic organisms,
Metabolic pathways,
Microbial metabolism in diverse environments,
Carbon metabolism,
2-Oxocarboxylic acid metabolism,
Biosynthesis of amino acids

L-alanine degradation V (oxidative Stickland reaction),
C4 photosynthetic carbon assimilation cycle, PEPCK type,
C4 photosynthetic carbon assimilation cycle, NAD-ME type,
anaerobic energy metabolism (invertebrates, cytosol),
L-alanine degradation II (to D-lactate),
L-alanine degradation III,
L-alanine biosynthesis II
-
-
-
-
natural substrates
alanine transaminase
L-alanine + 2-oxoglutarate = pyruvate + L-glutamate

Alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism,
Carbon fixation in photosynthetic organisms,
Metabolic pathways,
Microbial metabolism in diverse environments,
Carbon metabolism,
2-Oxocarboxylic acid metabolism,
Biosynthesis of amino acids

L-alanine degradation V (oxidative Stickland reaction),
C4 photosynthetic carbon assimilation cycle, PEPCK type,
C4 photosynthetic carbon assimilation cycle, NAD-ME type,
anaerobic energy metabolism (invertebrates, cytosol),
L-alanine degradation II (to D-lactate),
L-alanine degradation III,
L-alanine biosynthesis II
-
-
-
-
natural substrates
2-aminoethylphosphonate-pyruvate transaminase
L-alanine + 2-oxoglutarate = pyruvate + L-glutamate

Alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism,
Carbon fixation in photosynthetic organisms,
Metabolic pathways,
Microbial metabolism in diverse environments,
Carbon metabolism,
2-Oxocarboxylic acid metabolism,
Biosynthesis of amino acids

L-alanine degradation V (oxidative Stickland reaction),
C4 photosynthetic carbon assimilation cycle, PEPCK type,
C4 photosynthetic carbon assimilation cycle, NAD-ME type,
anaerobic energy metabolism (invertebrates, cytosol),
L-alanine degradation II (to D-lactate),
L-alanine degradation III,
L-alanine biosynthesis II
-
-
-
-
natural substrates
2-aminoadipate transaminase
L-alanine + 2-oxoglutarate = pyruvate + L-glutamate

Alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism,
Carbon fixation in photosynthetic organisms,
Metabolic pathways,
Microbial metabolism in diverse environments,
Carbon metabolism,
2-Oxocarboxylic acid metabolism,
Biosynthesis of amino acids

L-alanine degradation V (oxidative Stickland reaction),
C4 photosynthetic carbon assimilation cycle, PEPCK type,
C4 photosynthetic carbon assimilation cycle, NAD-ME type,
anaerobic energy metabolism (invertebrates, cytosol),
L-alanine degradation II (to D-lactate),
L-alanine degradation III,
L-alanine biosynthesis II
-
-
-
-
natural substrates
glycine transaminase
L-alanine + 2-oxoglutarate = pyruvate + L-glutamate

Alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism,
Carbon fixation in photosynthetic organisms,
Metabolic pathways,
Microbial metabolism in diverse environments,
Carbon metabolism,
2-Oxocarboxylic acid metabolism,
Biosynthesis of amino acids

L-alanine degradation V (oxidative Stickland reaction),
C4 photosynthetic carbon assimilation cycle, PEPCK type,
C4 photosynthetic carbon assimilation cycle, NAD-ME type,
anaerobic energy metabolism (invertebrates, cytosol),
L-alanine degradation II (to D-lactate),
L-alanine degradation III,
L-alanine biosynthesis II
-
-
-
-
natural substrates
branched-chain-amino-acid transaminase
L-alanine + 2-oxoglutarate = pyruvate + L-glutamate

Alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism,
Carbon fixation in photosynthetic organisms,
Metabolic pathways,
Microbial metabolism in diverse environments,
Carbon metabolism,
2-Oxocarboxylic acid metabolism,
Biosynthesis of amino acids

L-alanine degradation V (oxidative Stickland reaction),
C4 photosynthetic carbon assimilation cycle, PEPCK type,
C4 photosynthetic carbon assimilation cycle, NAD-ME type,
anaerobic energy metabolism (invertebrates, cytosol),
L-alanine degradation II (to D-lactate),
L-alanine degradation III,
L-alanine biosynthesis II
-
-
-
-
natural substrates
tyrosine transaminase
L-alanine + 2-oxoglutarate = pyruvate + L-glutamate

Alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism,
Carbon fixation in photosynthetic organisms,
Metabolic pathways,
Microbial metabolism in diverse environments,
Carbon metabolism,
2-Oxocarboxylic acid metabolism,
Biosynthesis of amino acids

L-alanine degradation V (oxidative Stickland reaction),
C4 photosynthetic carbon assimilation cycle, PEPCK type,
C4 photosynthetic carbon assimilation cycle, NAD-ME type,
anaerobic energy metabolism (invertebrates, cytosol),
L-alanine degradation II (to D-lactate),
L-alanine degradation III,
L-alanine biosynthesis II
-
-
-
-
natural substrates
glutamate-prephenate aminotransferase
L-alanine + 2-oxoglutarate = pyruvate + L-glutamate

Alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism,
Carbon fixation in photosynthetic organisms,
Metabolic pathways,
Microbial metabolism in diverse environments,
Carbon metabolism,
2-Oxocarboxylic acid metabolism,
Biosynthesis of amino acids

L-alanine degradation V (oxidative Stickland reaction),
C4 photosynthetic carbon assimilation cycle, PEPCK type,
C4 photosynthetic carbon assimilation cycle, NAD-ME type,
anaerobic energy metabolism (invertebrates, cytosol),
L-alanine degradation II (to D-lactate),
L-alanine degradation III,
L-alanine biosynthesis II
-
-
-
-
natural substrates
aspartate transaminase
L-aspartate + 2-oxoglutarate = oxaloacetate + L-glutamate

Alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism,
Carbon fixation in photosynthetic organisms,
Metabolic pathways,
Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites,
Microbial metabolism in diverse environments,
Carbon metabolism,
2-Oxocarboxylic acid metabolism,
Biosynthesis of amino acids

C4 photosynthetic carbon assimilation cycle, NAD-ME type,
L-aspartate degradation I,
L-asparagine degradation III (mammalian),
anaerobic energy metabolism (invertebrates, cytosol),
L-aspartate biosynthesis,
L-glutamate degradation II,
malate/L-aspartate shuttle pathway
-
-
-
-
natural substrates
4-aminobutyrate-2-oxoglutarate transaminase
L-aspartate + 2-oxoglutarate = oxaloacetate + L-glutamate

Alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism,
Carbon fixation in photosynthetic organisms,
Metabolic pathways,
Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites,
Microbial metabolism in diverse environments,
Carbon metabolism,
2-Oxocarboxylic acid metabolism,
Biosynthesis of amino acids

C4 photosynthetic carbon assimilation cycle, NAD-ME type,
L-aspartate degradation I,
L-asparagine degradation III (mammalian),
anaerobic energy metabolism (invertebrates, cytosol),
L-aspartate biosynthesis,
L-glutamate degradation II,
malate/L-aspartate shuttle pathway
-
-
-
-
natural substrates
alanine transaminase
L-aspartate + 2-oxoglutarate = oxaloacetate + L-glutamate

Alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism,
Carbon fixation in photosynthetic organisms,
Metabolic pathways,
Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites,
Microbial metabolism in diverse environments,
Carbon metabolism,
2-Oxocarboxylic acid metabolism,
Biosynthesis of amino acids

C4 photosynthetic carbon assimilation cycle, NAD-ME type,
L-aspartate degradation I,
L-asparagine degradation III (mammalian),
anaerobic energy metabolism (invertebrates, cytosol),
L-aspartate biosynthesis,
L-glutamate degradation II,
malate/L-aspartate shuttle pathway
-
-
-
-
natural substrates
2-aminoadipate transaminase
L-aspartate + 2-oxoglutarate = oxaloacetate + L-glutamate

Alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism,
Carbon fixation in photosynthetic organisms,
Metabolic pathways,
Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites,
Microbial metabolism in diverse environments,
Carbon metabolism,
2-Oxocarboxylic acid metabolism,
Biosynthesis of amino acids

C4 photosynthetic carbon assimilation cycle, NAD-ME type,
L-aspartate degradation I,
L-asparagine degradation III (mammalian),
anaerobic energy metabolism (invertebrates, cytosol),
L-aspartate biosynthesis,
L-glutamate degradation II,
malate/L-aspartate shuttle pathway
-
-
-
-
natural substrates
branched-chain-amino-acid transaminase
L-aspartate + 2-oxoglutarate = oxaloacetate + L-glutamate

Alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism,
Carbon fixation in photosynthetic organisms,
Metabolic pathways,
Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites,
Microbial metabolism in diverse environments,
Carbon metabolism,
2-Oxocarboxylic acid metabolism,
Biosynthesis of amino acids

C4 photosynthetic carbon assimilation cycle, NAD-ME type,
L-aspartate degradation I,
L-asparagine degradation III (mammalian),
anaerobic energy metabolism (invertebrates, cytosol),
L-aspartate biosynthesis,
L-glutamate degradation II,
malate/L-aspartate shuttle pathway
-
-
-
-
natural substrates
tyrosine transaminase
L-aspartate + 2-oxoglutarate = oxaloacetate + L-glutamate

Alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism,
Carbon fixation in photosynthetic organisms,
Metabolic pathways,
Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites,
Microbial metabolism in diverse environments,
Carbon metabolism,
2-Oxocarboxylic acid metabolism,
Biosynthesis of amino acids

C4 photosynthetic carbon assimilation cycle, NAD-ME type,
L-aspartate degradation I,
L-asparagine degradation III (mammalian),
anaerobic energy metabolism (invertebrates, cytosol),
L-aspartate biosynthesis,
L-glutamate degradation II,
malate/L-aspartate shuttle pathway
-
-
-
-
natural substrates
aromatic-amino-acid transaminase
L-aspartate + 2-oxoglutarate = oxaloacetate + L-glutamate

Alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism,
Carbon fixation in photosynthetic organisms,
Metabolic pathways,
Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites,
Microbial metabolism in diverse environments,
Carbon metabolism,
2-Oxocarboxylic acid metabolism,
Biosynthesis of amino acids

C4 photosynthetic carbon assimilation cycle, NAD-ME type,
L-aspartate degradation I,
L-asparagine degradation III (mammalian),
anaerobic energy metabolism (invertebrates, cytosol),
L-aspartate biosynthesis,
L-glutamate degradation II,
malate/L-aspartate shuttle pathway
-
-
-
-
natural substrates
cysteine-conjugate transaminase
L-aspartate + 2-oxoglutarate = oxaloacetate + L-glutamate

Alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism,
Carbon fixation in photosynthetic organisms,
Metabolic pathways,
Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites,
Microbial metabolism in diverse environments,
Carbon metabolism,
2-Oxocarboxylic acid metabolism,
Biosynthesis of amino acids

C4 photosynthetic carbon assimilation cycle, NAD-ME type,
L-aspartate degradation I,
L-asparagine degradation III (mammalian),
anaerobic energy metabolism (invertebrates, cytosol),
L-aspartate biosynthesis,
L-glutamate degradation II,
malate/L-aspartate shuttle pathway
-
-
-
-
natural substrates
aspartate-prephenate aminotransferase
L-aspartate + 2-oxoglutarate = oxaloacetate + L-glutamate

Alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism,
Carbon fixation in photosynthetic organisms,
Metabolic pathways,
Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites,
Microbial metabolism in diverse environments,
Carbon metabolism,
2-Oxocarboxylic acid metabolism,
Biosynthesis of amino acids

C4 photosynthetic carbon assimilation cycle, NAD-ME type,
L-aspartate degradation I,
L-asparagine degradation III (mammalian),
anaerobic energy metabolism (invertebrates, cytosol),
L-aspartate biosynthesis,
L-glutamate degradation II,
malate/L-aspartate shuttle pathway
-
-
-
-
natural substrates
glutamate-prephenate aminotransferase
L-aspartate + 2-oxoglutarate = oxaloacetate + L-glutamate

Alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism,
Carbon fixation in photosynthetic organisms,
Metabolic pathways,
Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites,
Microbial metabolism in diverse environments,
Carbon metabolism,
2-Oxocarboxylic acid metabolism,
Biosynthesis of amino acids

C4 photosynthetic carbon assimilation cycle, NAD-ME type,
L-aspartate degradation I,
L-asparagine degradation III (mammalian),
anaerobic energy metabolism (invertebrates, cytosol),
L-aspartate biosynthesis,
L-glutamate degradation II,
malate/L-aspartate shuttle pathway
-
-
-
-
natural substrates
pyruvate kinase
ATP + pyruvate = ADP + phosphoenolpyruvate

Purine metabolism,
Pyruvate metabolism,
Metabolic pathways,
Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites,
Microbial metabolism in diverse environments,
Carbon metabolism,
Biosynthesis of amino acids

glycolysis I (from glucose 6-phosphate),
glycolysis II (from fructose 6-phosphate),
glycolysis V (Pyrococcus),
Entner-Doudoroff pathway I,
Entner-Doudoroff pathway III (semi-phosphorylative),
gluconeogenesis II (Methanobacterium thermoautotrophicum),
glycerol degradation to butanol,
Bifidobacterium shunt,
heterolactic fermentation,
anaerobic energy metabolism (invertebrates, cytosol),
superpathway of glucose and xylose degradation,
Entner-Doudoroff pathway II (non-phosphorylative),
photosynthetic 3-hydroxybutanoate biosynthesis (engineered),
1-butanol autotrophic biosynthesis (engineered),
Rubisco shunt,
mixed acid fermentation,
glycolysis IV
-
-
-
-
natural substrates
malate dehydrogenase (oxaloacetate-decarboxylating)
(S)-malate + NAD+ = pyruvate + CO2 + NADH + H+
-
-
-
-
natural substrates
malate dehydrogenase (decarboxylating)
(S)-malate + NAD+ = pyruvate + CO2 + NADH + H+
-
-
-
-
natural substrates
malate dehydrogenase (oxaloacetate-decarboxylating) (NADP+)
(S)-malate + NAD+ = pyruvate + CO2 + NADH + H+
-
-
-
-
natural substrates
3-isopropylmalate dehydrogenase
(S)-malate + NAD+ = pyruvate + CO2 + NADH + H+
-
-
-
-
natural substrates
meso-tartrate dehydrogenase
(S)-malate + NAD+ = pyruvate + CO2 + NADH + H+
-
-
-
-
natural substrates
D-lactate dehydrogenase
(S)-malate + NAD+ = oxaloacetate + NADH + H+

Pyruvate metabolism,
Glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism,
Methane metabolism,
Carbon fixation in photosynthetic organisms,
Carbon fixation pathways in prokaryotes,
Metabolic pathways,
Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites,
Microbial metabolism in diverse environments,
Carbon metabolism

TCA cycle V (2-oxoglutarate synthase),
C4 photosynthetic carbon assimilation cycle, NAD-ME type,
(S)-lactate fermentation to propanoate, acetate and hydrogen,
pyruvate fermentation to propanoate I,
TCA cycle III (animals),
formaldehyde assimilation I (serine pathway),
methylaspartate cycle,
gluconeogenesis I,
superpathway of glyoxylate cycle and fatty acid degradation,
TCA cycle II (plants and fungi),
TCA cycle I (prokaryotic),
anaerobic energy metabolism (invertebrates, cytosol),
reductive TCA cycle II,
incomplete reductive TCA cycle,
reductive TCA cycle I,
gluconeogenesis III,
glyoxylate cycle,
mixed acid fermentation,
malate/L-aspartate shuttle pathway
-
-
-
-
natural substrates
malate dehydrogenase [NAD(P)+]
(S)-malate + NAD+ = oxaloacetate + NADH + H+

Pyruvate metabolism,
Glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism,
Methane metabolism,
Carbon fixation in photosynthetic organisms,
Carbon fixation pathways in prokaryotes,
Metabolic pathways,
Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites,
Microbial metabolism in diverse environments,
Carbon metabolism

TCA cycle V (2-oxoglutarate synthase),
C4 photosynthetic carbon assimilation cycle, NAD-ME type,
(S)-lactate fermentation to propanoate, acetate and hydrogen,
pyruvate fermentation to propanoate I,
TCA cycle III (animals),
formaldehyde assimilation I (serine pathway),
methylaspartate cycle,
gluconeogenesis I,
superpathway of glyoxylate cycle and fatty acid degradation,
TCA cycle II (plants and fungi),
TCA cycle I (prokaryotic),
anaerobic energy metabolism (invertebrates, cytosol),
reductive TCA cycle II,
incomplete reductive TCA cycle,
reductive TCA cycle I,
gluconeogenesis III,
glyoxylate cycle,
mixed acid fermentation,
malate/L-aspartate shuttle pathway
-
-
-
-
natural substrates
L-2-hydroxycarboxylate dehydrogenase (NAD+)
(S)-malate + NAD+ = oxaloacetate + NADH + H+

Pyruvate metabolism,
Glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism,
Methane metabolism,
Carbon fixation in photosynthetic organisms,
Carbon fixation pathways in prokaryotes,
Metabolic pathways,
Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites,
Microbial metabolism in diverse environments,
Carbon metabolism

TCA cycle V (2-oxoglutarate synthase),
C4 photosynthetic carbon assimilation cycle, NAD-ME type,
(S)-lactate fermentation to propanoate, acetate and hydrogen,
pyruvate fermentation to propanoate I,
TCA cycle III (animals),
formaldehyde assimilation I (serine pathway),
methylaspartate cycle,
gluconeogenesis I,
superpathway of glyoxylate cycle and fatty acid degradation,
TCA cycle II (plants and fungi),
TCA cycle I (prokaryotic),
anaerobic energy metabolism (invertebrates, cytosol),
reductive TCA cycle II,
incomplete reductive TCA cycle,
reductive TCA cycle I,
gluconeogenesis III,
glyoxylate cycle,
mixed acid fermentation,
malate/L-aspartate shuttle pathway
-
-
-
-
natural substrates
malate dehydrogenase
(S)-malate + NAD+ = oxaloacetate + NADH + H+

Pyruvate metabolism,
Glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism,
Methane metabolism,
Carbon fixation in photosynthetic organisms,
Carbon fixation pathways in prokaryotes,
Metabolic pathways,
Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites,
Microbial metabolism in diverse environments,
Carbon metabolism

TCA cycle V (2-oxoglutarate synthase),
C4 photosynthetic carbon assimilation cycle, NAD-ME type,
(S)-lactate fermentation to propanoate, acetate and hydrogen,
pyruvate fermentation to propanoate I,
TCA cycle III (animals),
formaldehyde assimilation I (serine pathway),
methylaspartate cycle,
gluconeogenesis I,
superpathway of glyoxylate cycle and fatty acid degradation,
TCA cycle II (plants and fungi),
TCA cycle I (prokaryotic),
anaerobic energy metabolism (invertebrates, cytosol),
reductive TCA cycle II,
incomplete reductive TCA cycle,
reductive TCA cycle I,
gluconeogenesis III,
glyoxylate cycle,
mixed acid fermentation,
malate/L-aspartate shuttle pathway
-
-
-
-
natural substrates
L-2-hydroxycarboxylate dehydrogenase [NAD(P)+]
(S)-malate + NAD+ = oxaloacetate + NADH + H+

Pyruvate metabolism,
Glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism,
Methane metabolism,
Carbon fixation in photosynthetic organisms,
Carbon fixation pathways in prokaryotes,
Metabolic pathways,
Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites,
Microbial metabolism in diverse environments,
Carbon metabolism

TCA cycle V (2-oxoglutarate synthase),
C4 photosynthetic carbon assimilation cycle, NAD-ME type,
(S)-lactate fermentation to propanoate, acetate and hydrogen,
pyruvate fermentation to propanoate I,
TCA cycle III (animals),
formaldehyde assimilation I (serine pathway),
methylaspartate cycle,
gluconeogenesis I,
superpathway of glyoxylate cycle and fatty acid degradation,
TCA cycle II (plants and fungi),
TCA cycle I (prokaryotic),
anaerobic energy metabolism (invertebrates, cytosol),
reductive TCA cycle II,
incomplete reductive TCA cycle,
reductive TCA cycle I,
gluconeogenesis III,
glyoxylate cycle,
mixed acid fermentation,
malate/L-aspartate shuttle pathway
-
-
-
-
natural substrates
malate dehydrogenase (oxaloacetate-decarboxylating)
(S)-malate + NAD+ = oxaloacetate + NADH + H+

Pyruvate metabolism,
Glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism,
Methane metabolism,
Carbon fixation in photosynthetic organisms,
Carbon fixation pathways in prokaryotes,
Metabolic pathways,
Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites,
Microbial metabolism in diverse environments,
Carbon metabolism

TCA cycle V (2-oxoglutarate synthase),
C4 photosynthetic carbon assimilation cycle, NAD-ME type,
(S)-lactate fermentation to propanoate, acetate and hydrogen,
pyruvate fermentation to propanoate I,
TCA cycle III (animals),
formaldehyde assimilation I (serine pathway),
methylaspartate cycle,
gluconeogenesis I,
superpathway of glyoxylate cycle and fatty acid degradation,
TCA cycle II (plants and fungi),
TCA cycle I (prokaryotic),
anaerobic energy metabolism (invertebrates, cytosol),
reductive TCA cycle II,
incomplete reductive TCA cycle,
reductive TCA cycle I,
gluconeogenesis III,
glyoxylate cycle,
mixed acid fermentation,
malate/L-aspartate shuttle pathway
-
-
-
-
natural substrates
hydroxypyruvate reductase
(S)-malate + NAD+ = oxaloacetate + NADH + H+

Pyruvate metabolism,
Glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism,
Methane metabolism,
Carbon fixation in photosynthetic organisms,
Carbon fixation pathways in prokaryotes,
Metabolic pathways,
Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites,
Microbial metabolism in diverse environments,
Carbon metabolism

TCA cycle V (2-oxoglutarate synthase),
C4 photosynthetic carbon assimilation cycle, NAD-ME type,
(S)-lactate fermentation to propanoate, acetate and hydrogen,
pyruvate fermentation to propanoate I,
TCA cycle III (animals),
formaldehyde assimilation I (serine pathway),
methylaspartate cycle,
gluconeogenesis I,
superpathway of glyoxylate cycle and fatty acid degradation,
TCA cycle II (plants and fungi),
TCA cycle I (prokaryotic),
anaerobic energy metabolism (invertebrates, cytosol),
reductive TCA cycle II,
incomplete reductive TCA cycle,
reductive TCA cycle I,
gluconeogenesis III,
glyoxylate cycle,
mixed acid fermentation,
malate/L-aspartate shuttle pathway
-
-
-
-
natural substrates
malate dehydrogenase (NADP+)
(S)-malate + NAD+ = oxaloacetate + NADH + H+

Pyruvate metabolism,
Glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism,
Methane metabolism,
Carbon fixation in photosynthetic organisms,
Carbon fixation pathways in prokaryotes,
Metabolic pathways,
Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites,
Microbial metabolism in diverse environments,
Carbon metabolism

TCA cycle V (2-oxoglutarate synthase),
C4 photosynthetic carbon assimilation cycle, NAD-ME type,
(S)-lactate fermentation to propanoate, acetate and hydrogen,
pyruvate fermentation to propanoate I,
TCA cycle III (animals),
formaldehyde assimilation I (serine pathway),
methylaspartate cycle,
gluconeogenesis I,
superpathway of glyoxylate cycle and fatty acid degradation,
TCA cycle II (plants and fungi),
TCA cycle I (prokaryotic),
anaerobic energy metabolism (invertebrates, cytosol),
reductive TCA cycle II,
incomplete reductive TCA cycle,
reductive TCA cycle I,
gluconeogenesis III,
glyoxylate cycle,
mixed acid fermentation,
malate/L-aspartate shuttle pathway
-
-
-
-
natural substrates
3-isopropylmalate dehydrogenase
(S)-malate + NAD+ = oxaloacetate + NADH + H+

Pyruvate metabolism,
Glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism,
Methane metabolism,
Carbon fixation in photosynthetic organisms,
Carbon fixation pathways in prokaryotes,
Metabolic pathways,
Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites,
Microbial metabolism in diverse environments,
Carbon metabolism

TCA cycle V (2-oxoglutarate synthase),
C4 photosynthetic carbon assimilation cycle, NAD-ME type,
(S)-lactate fermentation to propanoate, acetate and hydrogen,
pyruvate fermentation to propanoate I,
TCA cycle III (animals),
formaldehyde assimilation I (serine pathway),
methylaspartate cycle,
gluconeogenesis I,
superpathway of glyoxylate cycle and fatty acid degradation,
TCA cycle II (plants and fungi),
TCA cycle I (prokaryotic),
anaerobic energy metabolism (invertebrates, cytosol),
reductive TCA cycle II,
incomplete reductive TCA cycle,
reductive TCA cycle I,
gluconeogenesis III,
glyoxylate cycle,
mixed acid fermentation,
malate/L-aspartate shuttle pathway
-
-
-
-
natural substrates
phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase
(S)-malate + NAD+ = oxaloacetate + NADH + H+

Pyruvate metabolism,
Glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism,
Methane metabolism,
Carbon fixation in photosynthetic organisms,
Carbon fixation pathways in prokaryotes,
Metabolic pathways,
Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites,
Microbial metabolism in diverse environments,
Carbon metabolism

TCA cycle V (2-oxoglutarate synthase),
C4 photosynthetic carbon assimilation cycle, NAD-ME type,
(S)-lactate fermentation to propanoate, acetate and hydrogen,
pyruvate fermentation to propanoate I,
TCA cycle III (animals),
formaldehyde assimilation I (serine pathway),
methylaspartate cycle,
gluconeogenesis I,
superpathway of glyoxylate cycle and fatty acid degradation,
TCA cycle II (plants and fungi),
TCA cycle I (prokaryotic),
anaerobic energy metabolism (invertebrates, cytosol),
reductive TCA cycle II,
incomplete reductive TCA cycle,
reductive TCA cycle I,
gluconeogenesis III,
glyoxylate cycle,
mixed acid fermentation,
malate/L-aspartate shuttle pathway
-
-
-
-
natural substrates
diiodophenylpyruvate reductase
(S)-malate + NAD+ = oxaloacetate + NADH + H+

Pyruvate metabolism,
Glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism,
Methane metabolism,
Carbon fixation in photosynthetic organisms,
Carbon fixation pathways in prokaryotes,
Metabolic pathways,
Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites,
Microbial metabolism in diverse environments,
Carbon metabolism

TCA cycle V (2-oxoglutarate synthase),
C4 photosynthetic carbon assimilation cycle, NAD-ME type,
(S)-lactate fermentation to propanoate, acetate and hydrogen,
pyruvate fermentation to propanoate I,
TCA cycle III (animals),
formaldehyde assimilation I (serine pathway),
methylaspartate cycle,
gluconeogenesis I,
superpathway of glyoxylate cycle and fatty acid degradation,
TCA cycle II (plants and fungi),
TCA cycle I (prokaryotic),
anaerobic energy metabolism (invertebrates, cytosol),
reductive TCA cycle II,
incomplete reductive TCA cycle,
reductive TCA cycle I,
gluconeogenesis III,
glyoxylate cycle,
mixed acid fermentation,
malate/L-aspartate shuttle pathway
-
-
-
-
natural substrates
phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase
ATP + oxaloacetate = ADP + phosphoenolpyruvate + CO2
-
-
-
-
natural substrates
phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (diphosphate)
ATP + oxaloacetate = ADP + phosphoenolpyruvate + CO2
-
-
-
-
natural substrates
phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (ATP)
ATP + oxaloacetate = ADP + phosphoenolpyruvate + CO2
-
-
-
-
natural substrates
malate dehydrogenase (oxaloacetate-decarboxylating)
(S)-malate + NADP+ = pyruvate + CO2 + NADPH + H+
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-
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natural substrates
malate dehydrogenase (decarboxylating)
(S)-malate + NADP+ = pyruvate + CO2 + NADPH + H+
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-
-
-
natural substrates
malate dehydrogenase (oxaloacetate-decarboxylating) (NADP+)
(S)-malate + NADP+ = pyruvate + CO2 + NADPH + H+
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-
-
-
natural substrates
3-isopropylmalate dehydrogenase
(S)-malate + NADP+ = pyruvate + CO2 + NADPH + H+
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-
-
-
natural substrates
malate dehydrogenase [NAD(P)+]
(S)-malate + NADP+ = oxaloacetate + NADPH + H+
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-
-
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natural substrates
malate dehydrogenase
(S)-malate + NADP+ = oxaloacetate + NADPH + H+
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-
-
-
natural substrates
L-2-hydroxycarboxylate dehydrogenase [NAD(P)+]
(S)-malate + NADP+ = oxaloacetate + NADPH + H+
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-
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-
natural substrates
glyoxylate reductase (NADP+)
(S)-malate + NADP+ = oxaloacetate + NADPH + H+
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-
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-
natural substrates
hydroxypyruvate reductase
(S)-malate + NADP+ = oxaloacetate + NADPH + H+
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-
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natural substrates
malate dehydrogenase (NADP+)
(S)-malate + NADP+ = oxaloacetate + NADPH + H+
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-
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-
natural substrates
phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase
Orthophosphate + Oxaloacetate <=> H2O + Phosphoenolpyruvate + CO2
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natural substrates
pyruvate, phosphate dikinase
ATP + pyruvate + phosphate = AMP + phosphoenolpyruvate + diphosphate
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natural substrates, multi-step reaction