Print
citrate-CoA ligase
Pathways
citric acid cycle (BRENDA)
:= BRENDA, 
:= KEGG, 
:= MetaCyc, 
:= SABIO-RK
:= amino acid sequences 
:= show the reaction diagram
EC Number
Reaction
Pathways
Reaction IDs
Stoichiometry Check
Missing Substrate
Missing Product
Commentary
Remark
ATP + citrate + CoA = ADP + phosphate + (3S)-citryl-CoA
; "show the reaction diagram")
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: a part of multi-step reaction (see R00352, R01322+R00354)natural substrates
succinate-CoA ligase (GDP-forming)
GTP + succinate + CoA = GDP + phosphate + succinyl-CoA
; "show the reaction diagram")
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natural substrates
malate dehydrogenase (quinone)
(S)-malate + a quinone = oxaloacetate + reduced quinone
; "show the reaction diagram")
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natural substrates
malate dehydrogenase (quinone)
(S)-malate + acceptor = oxaloacetate + reduced acceptor
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natural substrates, generic
ATP citrate synthase
ADP + phosphate + acetyl-CoA + oxaloacetate = ATP + citrate + CoA
; "show the reaction diagram")
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: multi-step reaction (see R01322+R00354)natural substrates, multi-step reaction
isocitrate-homoisocitrate dehydrogenase
isocitrate + NAD+ = 2-oxoglutarate + CO2 + NADH + H+
; "show the reaction diagram")
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natural substrates
isocitrate dehydrogenase (NAD+)
isocitrate + NAD+ = 2-oxoglutarate + CO2 + NADH + H+
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natural substrates
isocitrate dehydrogenase (NADP+)
isocitrate + NAD+ = 2-oxoglutarate + CO2 + NADH + H+
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natural substrates
homoisocitrate dehydrogenase
isocitrate + NAD+ = 2-oxoglutarate + CO2 + NADH + H+
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natural substrates
propionate CoA-transferase
succinyl-CoA + acetate = acetyl-CoA + succinate
; "show the reaction diagram")
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natural substrates
succinyl-CoA:acetate CoA-transferase
succinyl-CoA + acetate = acetyl-CoA + succinate
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natural substrates
acetate CoA-transferase
succinyl-CoA + acetate = acetyl-CoA + succinate
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natural substrates
2-oxoacid oxidoreductase (ferredoxin)
2-oxoglutarate + CoA + 2 oxidized ferredoxin = succinyl-CoA + CO2 + 2 reduced ferredoxin + 2 H+
; "show the reaction diagram")
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natural substrates, generic, protein
2-oxoglutarate synthase
2-oxoglutarate + CoA + 2 oxidized ferredoxin = succinyl-CoA + CO2 + 2 reduced ferredoxin + 2 H+
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natural substrates, generic, protein
maleate isomerase
Maleate = fumarate
; "show the reaction diagram")
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natural substrates
isocitrate lyase
isocitrate = succinate + glyoxylate
; "show the reaction diagram")
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natural substrates
malate synthase
acetyl-CoA + glyoxylate + H2O = (S)-malate + CoA
; "show the reaction diagram")
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natural substrates
isocitrate lyase
acetyl-CoA + glyoxylate + H2O = (S)-malate + CoA
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natural substrates
succinyl-CoA:acetate CoA-transferase
succinyl-CoA + acetoacetate = succinate + acetoacetyl-CoA
; "show the reaction diagram")
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natural substrates
3-oxoacid CoA-transferase
succinyl-CoA + acetoacetate = succinate + acetoacetyl-CoA
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natural substrates
citryl-CoA lyase
(3S)-citryl-CoA = acetyl-CoA + oxaloacetate
; "show the reaction diagram")
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: a part of multi-step reaction (see R00352, R01322+R00354)natural substrates
succinate + FAD = fumarate + FADH2
; "show the reaction diagram")
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natural substrates
fumarate reductase (NADH)
succinate + FAD = fumarate + FADH2
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natural substrates
succinate dehydrogenase
succinate + FAD = fumarate + FADH2
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natural substrates
citrate CoA-transferase
acetyl-CoA + citrate = acetate + (3S)-citryl-CoA
; "show the reaction diagram")
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natural substrates
isocitrate-homoisocitrate dehydrogenase
isocitrate + NADP+ = 2-oxoglutarate + CO2 + NADPH + H+
: Glutathione metabolism,Carbon fixation pathways in prokaryotes,
Metabolic pathways,
Microbial metabolism in diverse environments,
Carbon metabolism,
2-Oxocarboxylic acid metabolism,
Biosynthesis of amino acids
: TCA cycle IV (2-oxoglutarate decarboxylase),TCA cycle V (2-oxoglutarate synthase),
TCA cycle VII (acetate-producers),
partial TCA cycle (obligate autotrophs),
methylaspartate cycle,
TCA cycle I (prokaryotic),
reductive TCA cycle I,
cytosolic NADPH production (yeast),
ethene biosynthesis V (engineered),
L-glutamine biosynthesis III,
mixed acid fermentation,
TCA cycle VI (Helicobacter)
; "show the reaction diagram")
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: two-step reaction (see R01899+R00268)natural substrates
isocitrate dehydrogenase (NAD+)
isocitrate + NADP+ = 2-oxoglutarate + CO2 + NADPH + H+
: Glutathione metabolism,Carbon fixation pathways in prokaryotes,
Metabolic pathways,
Microbial metabolism in diverse environments,
Carbon metabolism,
2-Oxocarboxylic acid metabolism,
Biosynthesis of amino acids
: TCA cycle IV (2-oxoglutarate decarboxylase),TCA cycle V (2-oxoglutarate synthase),
TCA cycle VII (acetate-producers),
partial TCA cycle (obligate autotrophs),
methylaspartate cycle,
TCA cycle I (prokaryotic),
reductive TCA cycle I,
cytosolic NADPH production (yeast),
ethene biosynthesis V (engineered),
L-glutamine biosynthesis III,
mixed acid fermentation,
TCA cycle VI (Helicobacter)
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: two-step reaction (see R01899+R00268)natural substrates
isocitrate dehydrogenase (NADP+)
isocitrate + NADP+ = 2-oxoglutarate + CO2 + NADPH + H+
: Glutathione metabolism,Carbon fixation pathways in prokaryotes,
Metabolic pathways,
Microbial metabolism in diverse environments,
Carbon metabolism,
2-Oxocarboxylic acid metabolism,
Biosynthesis of amino acids
: TCA cycle IV (2-oxoglutarate decarboxylase),TCA cycle V (2-oxoglutarate synthase),
TCA cycle VII (acetate-producers),
partial TCA cycle (obligate autotrophs),
methylaspartate cycle,
TCA cycle I (prokaryotic),
reductive TCA cycle I,
cytosolic NADPH production (yeast),
ethene biosynthesis V (engineered),
L-glutamine biosynthesis III,
mixed acid fermentation,
TCA cycle VI (Helicobacter)
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: two-step reaction (see R01899+R00268)natural substrates
aconitate hydratase
citrate = cis-aconitate + H2O
: Citrate cycle (TCA cycle),Glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism,
Carbon fixation pathways in prokaryotes,
Metabolic pathways,
Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites,
Microbial metabolism in diverse environments,
2-Oxocarboxylic acid metabolism
: TCA cycle IV (2-oxoglutarate decarboxylase),TCA cycle V (2-oxoglutarate synthase),
TCA cycle VII (acetate-producers),
partial TCA cycle (obligate autotrophs),
TCA cycle III (animals),
methylaspartate cycle,
TCA cycle II (plants and fungi),
TCA cycle I (prokaryotic),
reductive TCA cycle II,
reductive TCA cycle I,
ethene biosynthesis V (engineered),
glyoxylate cycle,
L-glutamine biosynthesis III,
mixed acid fermentation,
TCA cycle VI (Helicobacter)
; "show the reaction diagram")
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natural substrates
2-methylcitrate dehydratase (2-methyl-trans-aconitate forming)
citrate = cis-aconitate + H2O
: Citrate cycle (TCA cycle),Glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism,
Carbon fixation pathways in prokaryotes,
Metabolic pathways,
Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites,
Microbial metabolism in diverse environments,
2-Oxocarboxylic acid metabolism
: TCA cycle IV (2-oxoglutarate decarboxylase),TCA cycle V (2-oxoglutarate synthase),
TCA cycle VII (acetate-producers),
partial TCA cycle (obligate autotrophs),
TCA cycle III (animals),
methylaspartate cycle,
TCA cycle II (plants and fungi),
TCA cycle I (prokaryotic),
reductive TCA cycle II,
reductive TCA cycle I,
ethene biosynthesis V (engineered),
glyoxylate cycle,
L-glutamine biosynthesis III,
mixed acid fermentation,
TCA cycle VI (Helicobacter)
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natural substrates
citrate = cis-aconitate + H2O
: Citrate cycle (TCA cycle),Glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism,
Carbon fixation pathways in prokaryotes,
Metabolic pathways,
Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites,
Microbial metabolism in diverse environments,
2-Oxocarboxylic acid metabolism
: TCA cycle IV (2-oxoglutarate decarboxylase),TCA cycle V (2-oxoglutarate synthase),
TCA cycle VII (acetate-producers),
partial TCA cycle (obligate autotrophs),
TCA cycle III (animals),
methylaspartate cycle,
TCA cycle II (plants and fungi),
TCA cycle I (prokaryotic),
reductive TCA cycle II,
reductive TCA cycle I,
ethene biosynthesis V (engineered),
glyoxylate cycle,
L-glutamine biosynthesis III,
mixed acid fermentation,
TCA cycle VI (Helicobacter)
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natural substrates
citrate (Si)-synthase
acetyl-CoA + H2O + oxaloacetate = citrate + CoA
: Citrate cycle (TCA cycle),Glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism,
Metabolic pathways,
Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites,
Microbial metabolism in diverse environments,
Carbon metabolism,
2-Oxocarboxylic acid metabolism,
Biosynthesis of amino acids
: TCA cycle IV (2-oxoglutarate decarboxylase),TCA cycle V (2-oxoglutarate synthase),
TCA cycle VII (acetate-producers),
partial TCA cycle (obligate autotrophs),
TCA cycle III (animals),
methylaspartate cycle,
TCA cycle II (plants and fungi),
TCA cycle I (prokaryotic),
ethene biosynthesis V (engineered),
glyoxylate cycle,
L-glutamine biosynthesis III,
mixed acid fermentation,
TCA cycle VI (Helicobacter)
; "show the reaction diagram")
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: (pro-S)-carboxymethyl-forming (ec 2.3.3.1) (pro-R)-carboxymethyl-forming (ec 2.3.3.3) unknown stereospecificity (ec 2.3.3.16): Citrate synthase is located solely in the mitochondrial matrix. Citrate enters the mitochondrial matrix to react with the enzyme. Experiments done in rat liver indicate that this reaction is physiologically irreversible [7060582]. The reaction occurs in peroxisome in fungi [1897942] and plants [15923350] and in bacterial cytosol[4211224]; Citrate synthase is located solely in the mitochondrial matrix. Citrate enters the mitochondrial matrix to react with the enzyme. Experiments done in rat liver indicate that this reaction is physiologically irreversible [7060582].natural substrates
homocitrate synthase
acetyl-CoA + H2O + oxaloacetate = citrate + CoA
: Citrate cycle (TCA cycle),Glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism,
Metabolic pathways,
Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites,
Microbial metabolism in diverse environments,
Carbon metabolism,
2-Oxocarboxylic acid metabolism,
Biosynthesis of amino acids
: TCA cycle IV (2-oxoglutarate decarboxylase),TCA cycle V (2-oxoglutarate synthase),
TCA cycle VII (acetate-producers),
partial TCA cycle (obligate autotrophs),
TCA cycle III (animals),
methylaspartate cycle,
TCA cycle II (plants and fungi),
TCA cycle I (prokaryotic),
ethene biosynthesis V (engineered),
glyoxylate cycle,
L-glutamine biosynthesis III,
mixed acid fermentation,
TCA cycle VI (Helicobacter)
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: (pro-S)-carboxymethyl-forming (ec 2.3.3.1) (pro-R)-carboxymethyl-forming (ec 2.3.3.3) unknown stereospecificity (ec 2.3.3.16): Citrate synthase is located solely in the mitochondrial matrix. Citrate enters the mitochondrial matrix to react with the enzyme. Experiments done in rat liver indicate that this reaction is physiologically irreversible [7060582]. The reaction occurs in peroxisome in fungi [1897942] and plants [15923350] and in bacterial cytosol[4211224]; Citrate synthase is located solely in the mitochondrial matrix. Citrate enters the mitochondrial matrix to react with the enzyme. Experiments done in rat liver indicate that this reaction is physiologically irreversible [7060582].natural substrates
citrate synthase (unknown stereospecificity)
acetyl-CoA + H2O + oxaloacetate = citrate + CoA
: Citrate cycle (TCA cycle),Glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism,
Metabolic pathways,
Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites,
Microbial metabolism in diverse environments,
Carbon metabolism,
2-Oxocarboxylic acid metabolism,
Biosynthesis of amino acids
: TCA cycle IV (2-oxoglutarate decarboxylase),TCA cycle V (2-oxoglutarate synthase),
TCA cycle VII (acetate-producers),
partial TCA cycle (obligate autotrophs),
TCA cycle III (animals),
methylaspartate cycle,
TCA cycle II (plants and fungi),
TCA cycle I (prokaryotic),
ethene biosynthesis V (engineered),
glyoxylate cycle,
L-glutamine biosynthesis III,
mixed acid fermentation,
TCA cycle VI (Helicobacter)
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: (pro-S)-carboxymethyl-forming (ec 2.3.3.1) (pro-R)-carboxymethyl-forming (ec 2.3.3.3) unknown stereospecificity (ec 2.3.3.16): Citrate synthase is located solely in the mitochondrial matrix. Citrate enters the mitochondrial matrix to react with the enzyme. Experiments done in rat liver indicate that this reaction is physiologically irreversible [7060582]. The reaction occurs in peroxisome in fungi [1897942] and plants [15923350] and in bacterial cytosol[4211224]; Citrate synthase is located solely in the mitochondrial matrix. Citrate enters the mitochondrial matrix to react with the enzyme. Experiments done in rat liver indicate that this reaction is physiologically irreversible [7060582].natural substrates
citrate (Re)-synthase
acetyl-CoA + H2O + oxaloacetate = citrate + CoA
: Citrate cycle (TCA cycle),Glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism,
Metabolic pathways,
Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites,
Microbial metabolism in diverse environments,
Carbon metabolism,
2-Oxocarboxylic acid metabolism,
Biosynthesis of amino acids
: TCA cycle IV (2-oxoglutarate decarboxylase),TCA cycle V (2-oxoglutarate synthase),
TCA cycle VII (acetate-producers),
partial TCA cycle (obligate autotrophs),
TCA cycle III (animals),
methylaspartate cycle,
TCA cycle II (plants and fungi),
TCA cycle I (prokaryotic),
ethene biosynthesis V (engineered),
glyoxylate cycle,
L-glutamine biosynthesis III,
mixed acid fermentation,
TCA cycle VI (Helicobacter)
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: (pro-S)-carboxymethyl-forming (ec 2.3.3.1) (pro-R)-carboxymethyl-forming (ec 2.3.3.3) unknown stereospecificity (ec 2.3.3.16): Citrate synthase is located solely in the mitochondrial matrix. Citrate enters the mitochondrial matrix to react with the enzyme. Experiments done in rat liver indicate that this reaction is physiologically irreversible [7060582]. The reaction occurs in peroxisome in fungi [1897942] and plants [15923350] and in bacterial cytosol[4211224]; Citrate synthase is located solely in the mitochondrial matrix. Citrate enters the mitochondrial matrix to react with the enzyme. Experiments done in rat liver indicate that this reaction is physiologically irreversible [7060582].natural substrates
fumarate hydratase
(S)-malate = fumarate + H2O
: Citrate cycle (TCA cycle),Pyruvate metabolism,
Carbon fixation pathways in prokaryotes,
Metabolic pathways,
Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites,
Microbial metabolism in diverse environments,
Carbon metabolism
: TCA cycle IV (2-oxoglutarate decarboxylase),TCA cycle V (2-oxoglutarate synthase),
TCA cycle VII (acetate-producers),
partial TCA cycle (obligate autotrophs),
(S)-lactate fermentation to propanoate, acetate and hydrogen,
pyruvate fermentation to propanoate I,
TCA cycle III (animals),
methylaspartate cycle,
superpathway of glyoxylate cycle and fatty acid degradation,
TCA cycle II (plants and fungi),
TCA cycle I (prokaryotic),
anaerobic energy metabolism (invertebrates, mitochondrial),
reductive TCA cycle II,
incomplete reductive TCA cycle,
reductive TCA cycle I,
mixed acid fermentation,
TCA cycle VI (Helicobacter)
; "show the reaction diagram")
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natural substrates
(S)-2-methylmalate dehydratase
(S)-malate = fumarate + H2O
: Citrate cycle (TCA cycle),Pyruvate metabolism,
Carbon fixation pathways in prokaryotes,
Metabolic pathways,
Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites,
Microbial metabolism in diverse environments,
Carbon metabolism
: TCA cycle IV (2-oxoglutarate decarboxylase),TCA cycle V (2-oxoglutarate synthase),
TCA cycle VII (acetate-producers),
partial TCA cycle (obligate autotrophs),
(S)-lactate fermentation to propanoate, acetate and hydrogen,
pyruvate fermentation to propanoate I,
TCA cycle III (animals),
methylaspartate cycle,
superpathway of glyoxylate cycle and fatty acid degradation,
TCA cycle II (plants and fungi),
TCA cycle I (prokaryotic),
anaerobic energy metabolism (invertebrates, mitochondrial),
reductive TCA cycle II,
incomplete reductive TCA cycle,
reductive TCA cycle I,
mixed acid fermentation,
TCA cycle VI (Helicobacter)
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natural substrates
succinate dehydrogenase
succinate + a quinone = fumarate + a quinol
; "show the reaction diagram")
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: electron transport complex IInatural substrates, multi-step reaction
fumarate reductase (quinol)
succinate + a quinone = fumarate + a quinol
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: electron transport complex IInatural substrates, multi-step reaction
acetate-CoA ligase (ADP-forming)
ATP + succinate + CoA = ADP + phosphate + succinyl-CoA
: Citrate cycle (TCA cycle),Propanoate metabolism,
Carbon fixation pathways in prokaryotes,
Metabolic pathways,
Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites,
Microbial metabolism in diverse environments,
Carbon metabolism
: TCA cycle V (2-oxoglutarate synthase),TCA cycle III (animals),
methylaspartate cycle,
TCA cycle II (plants and fungi),
TCA cycle I (prokaryotic),
anaerobic energy metabolism (invertebrates, mitochondrial),
reductive TCA cycle II,
incomplete reductive TCA cycle,
reductive TCA cycle I,
pyruvate fermentation to acetate VI,
pyruvate fermentation to acetate V
; "show the reaction diagram")
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natural substrates
succinate-CoA ligase (GDP-forming)
ATP + succinate + CoA = ADP + phosphate + succinyl-CoA
: Citrate cycle (TCA cycle),Propanoate metabolism,
Carbon fixation pathways in prokaryotes,
Metabolic pathways,
Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites,
Microbial metabolism in diverse environments,
Carbon metabolism
: TCA cycle V (2-oxoglutarate synthase),TCA cycle III (animals),
methylaspartate cycle,
TCA cycle II (plants and fungi),
TCA cycle I (prokaryotic),
anaerobic energy metabolism (invertebrates, mitochondrial),
reductive TCA cycle II,
incomplete reductive TCA cycle,
reductive TCA cycle I,
pyruvate fermentation to acetate VI,
pyruvate fermentation to acetate V
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natural substrates
succinate-CoA ligase (ADP-forming)
ATP + succinate + CoA = ADP + phosphate + succinyl-CoA
: Citrate cycle (TCA cycle),Propanoate metabolism,
Carbon fixation pathways in prokaryotes,
Metabolic pathways,
Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites,
Microbial metabolism in diverse environments,
Carbon metabolism
: TCA cycle V (2-oxoglutarate synthase),TCA cycle III (animals),
methylaspartate cycle,
TCA cycle II (plants and fungi),
TCA cycle I (prokaryotic),
anaerobic energy metabolism (invertebrates, mitochondrial),
reductive TCA cycle II,
incomplete reductive TCA cycle,
reductive TCA cycle I,
pyruvate fermentation to acetate VI,
pyruvate fermentation to acetate V
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natural substrates
D-lactate dehydrogenase
(S)-malate + NAD+ = oxaloacetate + NADH + H+
: Citrate cycle (TCA cycle),Pyruvate metabolism,
Glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism,
Methane metabolism,
Carbon fixation in photosynthetic organisms,
Carbon fixation pathways in prokaryotes,
Metabolic pathways,
Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites,
Microbial metabolism in diverse environments,
Carbon metabolism
: TCA cycle IV (2-oxoglutarate decarboxylase),TCA cycle V (2-oxoglutarate synthase),
C4 photosynthetic carbon assimilation cycle, NAD-ME type,
(S)-lactate fermentation to propanoate, acetate and hydrogen,
pyruvate fermentation to propanoate I,
TCA cycle III (animals),
formaldehyde assimilation I (serine pathway),
methylaspartate cycle,
gluconeogenesis I,
superpathway of glyoxylate cycle and fatty acid degradation,
TCA cycle II (plants and fungi),
TCA cycle I (prokaryotic),
anaerobic energy metabolism (invertebrates, cytosol),
reductive TCA cycle II,
incomplete reductive TCA cycle,
reductive TCA cycle I,
gluconeogenesis III,
glyoxylate cycle,
mixed acid fermentation,
malate/L-aspartate shuttle pathway
; "show the reaction diagram")
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natural substrates
malate dehydrogenase [NAD(P)+]
(S)-malate + NAD+ = oxaloacetate + NADH + H+
: Citrate cycle (TCA cycle),Pyruvate metabolism,
Glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism,
Methane metabolism,
Carbon fixation in photosynthetic organisms,
Carbon fixation pathways in prokaryotes,
Metabolic pathways,
Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites,
Microbial metabolism in diverse environments,
Carbon metabolism
: TCA cycle IV (2-oxoglutarate decarboxylase),TCA cycle V (2-oxoglutarate synthase),
C4 photosynthetic carbon assimilation cycle, NAD-ME type,
(S)-lactate fermentation to propanoate, acetate and hydrogen,
pyruvate fermentation to propanoate I,
TCA cycle III (animals),
formaldehyde assimilation I (serine pathway),
methylaspartate cycle,
gluconeogenesis I,
superpathway of glyoxylate cycle and fatty acid degradation,
TCA cycle II (plants and fungi),
TCA cycle I (prokaryotic),
anaerobic energy metabolism (invertebrates, cytosol),
reductive TCA cycle II,
incomplete reductive TCA cycle,
reductive TCA cycle I,
gluconeogenesis III,
glyoxylate cycle,
mixed acid fermentation,
malate/L-aspartate shuttle pathway
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natural substrates
L-2-hydroxycarboxylate dehydrogenase (NAD+)
(S)-malate + NAD+ = oxaloacetate + NADH + H+
: Citrate cycle (TCA cycle),Pyruvate metabolism,
Glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism,
Methane metabolism,
Carbon fixation in photosynthetic organisms,
Carbon fixation pathways in prokaryotes,
Metabolic pathways,
Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites,
Microbial metabolism in diverse environments,
Carbon metabolism
: TCA cycle IV (2-oxoglutarate decarboxylase),TCA cycle V (2-oxoglutarate synthase),
C4 photosynthetic carbon assimilation cycle, NAD-ME type,
(S)-lactate fermentation to propanoate, acetate and hydrogen,
pyruvate fermentation to propanoate I,
TCA cycle III (animals),
formaldehyde assimilation I (serine pathway),
methylaspartate cycle,
gluconeogenesis I,
superpathway of glyoxylate cycle and fatty acid degradation,
TCA cycle II (plants and fungi),
TCA cycle I (prokaryotic),
anaerobic energy metabolism (invertebrates, cytosol),
reductive TCA cycle II,
incomplete reductive TCA cycle,
reductive TCA cycle I,
gluconeogenesis III,
glyoxylate cycle,
mixed acid fermentation,
malate/L-aspartate shuttle pathway
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natural substrates
malate dehydrogenase
(S)-malate + NAD+ = oxaloacetate + NADH + H+
: Citrate cycle (TCA cycle),Pyruvate metabolism,
Glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism,
Methane metabolism,
Carbon fixation in photosynthetic organisms,
Carbon fixation pathways in prokaryotes,
Metabolic pathways,
Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites,
Microbial metabolism in diverse environments,
Carbon metabolism
: TCA cycle IV (2-oxoglutarate decarboxylase),TCA cycle V (2-oxoglutarate synthase),
C4 photosynthetic carbon assimilation cycle, NAD-ME type,
(S)-lactate fermentation to propanoate, acetate and hydrogen,
pyruvate fermentation to propanoate I,
TCA cycle III (animals),
formaldehyde assimilation I (serine pathway),
methylaspartate cycle,
gluconeogenesis I,
superpathway of glyoxylate cycle and fatty acid degradation,
TCA cycle II (plants and fungi),
TCA cycle I (prokaryotic),
anaerobic energy metabolism (invertebrates, cytosol),
reductive TCA cycle II,
incomplete reductive TCA cycle,
reductive TCA cycle I,
gluconeogenesis III,
glyoxylate cycle,
mixed acid fermentation,
malate/L-aspartate shuttle pathway
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-
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-
natural substrates
L-2-hydroxycarboxylate dehydrogenase [NAD(P)+]
(S)-malate + NAD+ = oxaloacetate + NADH + H+
: Citrate cycle (TCA cycle),Pyruvate metabolism,
Glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism,
Methane metabolism,
Carbon fixation in photosynthetic organisms,
Carbon fixation pathways in prokaryotes,
Metabolic pathways,
Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites,
Microbial metabolism in diverse environments,
Carbon metabolism
: TCA cycle IV (2-oxoglutarate decarboxylase),TCA cycle V (2-oxoglutarate synthase),
C4 photosynthetic carbon assimilation cycle, NAD-ME type,
(S)-lactate fermentation to propanoate, acetate and hydrogen,
pyruvate fermentation to propanoate I,
TCA cycle III (animals),
formaldehyde assimilation I (serine pathway),
methylaspartate cycle,
gluconeogenesis I,
superpathway of glyoxylate cycle and fatty acid degradation,
TCA cycle II (plants and fungi),
TCA cycle I (prokaryotic),
anaerobic energy metabolism (invertebrates, cytosol),
reductive TCA cycle II,
incomplete reductive TCA cycle,
reductive TCA cycle I,
gluconeogenesis III,
glyoxylate cycle,
mixed acid fermentation,
malate/L-aspartate shuttle pathway
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-
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natural substrates
malate dehydrogenase (oxaloacetate-decarboxylating)
(S)-malate + NAD+ = oxaloacetate + NADH + H+
: Citrate cycle (TCA cycle),Pyruvate metabolism,
Glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism,
Methane metabolism,
Carbon fixation in photosynthetic organisms,
Carbon fixation pathways in prokaryotes,
Metabolic pathways,
Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites,
Microbial metabolism in diverse environments,
Carbon metabolism
: TCA cycle IV (2-oxoglutarate decarboxylase),TCA cycle V (2-oxoglutarate synthase),
C4 photosynthetic carbon assimilation cycle, NAD-ME type,
(S)-lactate fermentation to propanoate, acetate and hydrogen,
pyruvate fermentation to propanoate I,
TCA cycle III (animals),
formaldehyde assimilation I (serine pathway),
methylaspartate cycle,
gluconeogenesis I,
superpathway of glyoxylate cycle and fatty acid degradation,
TCA cycle II (plants and fungi),
TCA cycle I (prokaryotic),
anaerobic energy metabolism (invertebrates, cytosol),
reductive TCA cycle II,
incomplete reductive TCA cycle,
reductive TCA cycle I,
gluconeogenesis III,
glyoxylate cycle,
mixed acid fermentation,
malate/L-aspartate shuttle pathway
-
-
-
-
natural substrates
hydroxypyruvate reductase
(S)-malate + NAD+ = oxaloacetate + NADH + H+
: Citrate cycle (TCA cycle),Pyruvate metabolism,
Glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism,
Methane metabolism,
Carbon fixation in photosynthetic organisms,
Carbon fixation pathways in prokaryotes,
Metabolic pathways,
Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites,
Microbial metabolism in diverse environments,
Carbon metabolism
: TCA cycle IV (2-oxoglutarate decarboxylase),TCA cycle V (2-oxoglutarate synthase),
C4 photosynthetic carbon assimilation cycle, NAD-ME type,
(S)-lactate fermentation to propanoate, acetate and hydrogen,
pyruvate fermentation to propanoate I,
TCA cycle III (animals),
formaldehyde assimilation I (serine pathway),
methylaspartate cycle,
gluconeogenesis I,
superpathway of glyoxylate cycle and fatty acid degradation,
TCA cycle II (plants and fungi),
TCA cycle I (prokaryotic),
anaerobic energy metabolism (invertebrates, cytosol),
reductive TCA cycle II,
incomplete reductive TCA cycle,
reductive TCA cycle I,
gluconeogenesis III,
glyoxylate cycle,
mixed acid fermentation,
malate/L-aspartate shuttle pathway
-
-
-
-
natural substrates
malate dehydrogenase (NADP+)
(S)-malate + NAD+ = oxaloacetate + NADH + H+
: Citrate cycle (TCA cycle),Pyruvate metabolism,
Glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism,
Methane metabolism,
Carbon fixation in photosynthetic organisms,
Carbon fixation pathways in prokaryotes,
Metabolic pathways,
Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites,
Microbial metabolism in diverse environments,
Carbon metabolism
: TCA cycle IV (2-oxoglutarate decarboxylase),TCA cycle V (2-oxoglutarate synthase),
C4 photosynthetic carbon assimilation cycle, NAD-ME type,
(S)-lactate fermentation to propanoate, acetate and hydrogen,
pyruvate fermentation to propanoate I,
TCA cycle III (animals),
formaldehyde assimilation I (serine pathway),
methylaspartate cycle,
gluconeogenesis I,
superpathway of glyoxylate cycle and fatty acid degradation,
TCA cycle II (plants and fungi),
TCA cycle I (prokaryotic),
anaerobic energy metabolism (invertebrates, cytosol),
reductive TCA cycle II,
incomplete reductive TCA cycle,
reductive TCA cycle I,
gluconeogenesis III,
glyoxylate cycle,
mixed acid fermentation,
malate/L-aspartate shuttle pathway
-
-
-
-
natural substrates
3-isopropylmalate dehydrogenase
(S)-malate + NAD+ = oxaloacetate + NADH + H+
: Citrate cycle (TCA cycle),Pyruvate metabolism,
Glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism,
Methane metabolism,
Carbon fixation in photosynthetic organisms,
Carbon fixation pathways in prokaryotes,
Metabolic pathways,
Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites,
Microbial metabolism in diverse environments,
Carbon metabolism
: TCA cycle IV (2-oxoglutarate decarboxylase),TCA cycle V (2-oxoglutarate synthase),
C4 photosynthetic carbon assimilation cycle, NAD-ME type,
(S)-lactate fermentation to propanoate, acetate and hydrogen,
pyruvate fermentation to propanoate I,
TCA cycle III (animals),
formaldehyde assimilation I (serine pathway),
methylaspartate cycle,
gluconeogenesis I,
superpathway of glyoxylate cycle and fatty acid degradation,
TCA cycle II (plants and fungi),
TCA cycle I (prokaryotic),
anaerobic energy metabolism (invertebrates, cytosol),
reductive TCA cycle II,
incomplete reductive TCA cycle,
reductive TCA cycle I,
gluconeogenesis III,
glyoxylate cycle,
mixed acid fermentation,
malate/L-aspartate shuttle pathway
-
-
-
-
natural substrates
phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase
(S)-malate + NAD+ = oxaloacetate + NADH + H+
: Citrate cycle (TCA cycle),Pyruvate metabolism,
Glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism,
Methane metabolism,
Carbon fixation in photosynthetic organisms,
Carbon fixation pathways in prokaryotes,
Metabolic pathways,
Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites,
Microbial metabolism in diverse environments,
Carbon metabolism
: TCA cycle IV (2-oxoglutarate decarboxylase),TCA cycle V (2-oxoglutarate synthase),
C4 photosynthetic carbon assimilation cycle, NAD-ME type,
(S)-lactate fermentation to propanoate, acetate and hydrogen,
pyruvate fermentation to propanoate I,
TCA cycle III (animals),
formaldehyde assimilation I (serine pathway),
methylaspartate cycle,
gluconeogenesis I,
superpathway of glyoxylate cycle and fatty acid degradation,
TCA cycle II (plants and fungi),
TCA cycle I (prokaryotic),
anaerobic energy metabolism (invertebrates, cytosol),
reductive TCA cycle II,
incomplete reductive TCA cycle,
reductive TCA cycle I,
gluconeogenesis III,
glyoxylate cycle,
mixed acid fermentation,
malate/L-aspartate shuttle pathway
-
-
-
-
natural substrates
diiodophenylpyruvate reductase
(S)-malate + NAD+ = oxaloacetate + NADH + H+
: Citrate cycle (TCA cycle),Pyruvate metabolism,
Glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism,
Methane metabolism,
Carbon fixation in photosynthetic organisms,
Carbon fixation pathways in prokaryotes,
Metabolic pathways,
Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites,
Microbial metabolism in diverse environments,
Carbon metabolism
: TCA cycle IV (2-oxoglutarate decarboxylase),TCA cycle V (2-oxoglutarate synthase),
C4 photosynthetic carbon assimilation cycle, NAD-ME type,
(S)-lactate fermentation to propanoate, acetate and hydrogen,
pyruvate fermentation to propanoate I,
TCA cycle III (animals),
formaldehyde assimilation I (serine pathway),
methylaspartate cycle,
gluconeogenesis I,
superpathway of glyoxylate cycle and fatty acid degradation,
TCA cycle II (plants and fungi),
TCA cycle I (prokaryotic),
anaerobic energy metabolism (invertebrates, cytosol),
reductive TCA cycle II,
incomplete reductive TCA cycle,
reductive TCA cycle I,
gluconeogenesis III,
glyoxylate cycle,
mixed acid fermentation,
malate/L-aspartate shuttle pathway
-
-
-
-
natural substrates
malate dehydrogenase [NAD(P)+]
(S)-malate + NADP+ = oxaloacetate + NADPH + H+
; "show the reaction diagram")
-
-
-
-
natural substrates
malate dehydrogenase
(S)-malate + NADP+ = oxaloacetate + NADPH + H+
-
-
-
-
natural substrates
L-2-hydroxycarboxylate dehydrogenase [NAD(P)+]
(S)-malate + NADP+ = oxaloacetate + NADPH + H+
-
-
-
-
natural substrates
glyoxylate reductase (NADP+)
(S)-malate + NADP+ = oxaloacetate + NADPH + H+
-
-
-
-
natural substrates
hydroxypyruvate reductase
(S)-malate + NADP+ = oxaloacetate + NADPH + H+
-
-
-
-
natural substrates
malate dehydrogenase (NADP+)
(S)-malate + NADP+ = oxaloacetate + NADPH + H+
-
-
-
-
natural substrates