Print
succinate-CoA ligase (GDP-forming)
Pathways
citric acid cycle (BRENDA)
:= BRENDA, 
:= KEGG, 
:= MetaCyc, 
:= SABIO-RK
:= amino acid sequences 
:= show the reaction diagram
EC Number
Reaction
Pathways
Reaction IDs
Stoichiometry Check
Missing Substrate
Missing Product
Commentary
Remark
GTP + succinate + CoA = GDP + phosphate + succinyl-CoA
; "show the reaction diagram")
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natural substrates
malate dehydrogenase (quinone)
(S)-malate + a quinone = oxaloacetate + reduced quinone
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natural substrates, generic
malate dehydrogenase (quinone)
(S)-malate + acceptor = oxaloacetate + reduced acceptor
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natural substrates, generic
ATP citrate synthase
ADP + phosphate + acetyl-CoA + oxaloacetate = ATP + citrate + CoA
; "show the reaction diagram")
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: multi-step reaction (see R01322+R00354)natural substrates, multi-step reaction
isocitrate-homoisocitrate dehydrogenase
isocitrate + NAD+ = 2-oxoglutarate + CO2 + NADH + H+
; "show the reaction diagram")
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natural substrates
isocitrate dehydrogenase (NAD+)
isocitrate + NAD+ = 2-oxoglutarate + CO2 + NADH + H+
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natural substrates
isocitrate dehydrogenase (NADP+)
isocitrate + NAD+ = 2-oxoglutarate + CO2 + NADH + H+
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natural substrates
homoisocitrate dehydrogenase
isocitrate + NAD+ = 2-oxoglutarate + CO2 + NADH + H+
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natural substrates
propionate CoA-transferase
succinyl-CoA + acetate = acetyl-CoA + succinate
; "show the reaction diagram")
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natural substrates
succinyl-CoA:acetate CoA-transferase
succinyl-CoA + acetate = acetyl-CoA + succinate
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natural substrates
acetate CoA-transferase
succinyl-CoA + acetate = acetyl-CoA + succinate
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natural substrates
2-oxoacid oxidoreductase (ferredoxin)
2-oxoglutarate + CoA + 2 oxidized ferredoxin = succinyl-CoA + CO2 + 2 reduced ferredoxin + 2 H+
; "show the reaction diagram")
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natural substrates, generic, protein
2-oxoglutarate synthase
2-oxoglutarate + CoA + 2 oxidized ferredoxin = succinyl-CoA + CO2 + 2 reduced ferredoxin + 2 H+
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natural substrates, generic, protein
maleate isomerase
Maleate = fumarate
; "show the reaction diagram")
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natural substrates
isocitrate lyase
isocitrate = succinate + glyoxylate
; "show the reaction diagram")
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natural substrates
malate synthase
acetyl-CoA + glyoxylate + H2O = (S)-malate + CoA
: Pyruvate metabolism,Glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism,
Metabolic pathways,
Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites,
Microbial metabolism in diverse environments,
Carbon metabolism
: TCA cycle V (2-oxoglutarate:ferredoxin oxidoreductase),crotonyl-CoA/ethylmalonyl-CoA/hydroxybutyryl-CoA cycle (engineered),
TCA cycle IV (2-oxoglutarate decarboxylase),
L-arabinose degradation IV,
D-xylose degradation IV,
chitin degradation to ethanol,
glyoxylate cycle,
glycolate and glyoxylate degradation II
; "show the reaction diagram")
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natural substrates
isocitrate lyase
acetyl-CoA + glyoxylate + H2O = (S)-malate + CoA
: Pyruvate metabolism,Glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism,
Metabolic pathways,
Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites,
Microbial metabolism in diverse environments,
Carbon metabolism
: TCA cycle V (2-oxoglutarate:ferredoxin oxidoreductase),crotonyl-CoA/ethylmalonyl-CoA/hydroxybutyryl-CoA cycle (engineered),
TCA cycle IV (2-oxoglutarate decarboxylase),
L-arabinose degradation IV,
D-xylose degradation IV,
chitin degradation to ethanol,
glyoxylate cycle,
glycolate and glyoxylate degradation II
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natural substrates
succinyl-CoA:acetate CoA-transferase
succinyl-CoA + acetoacetate = succinate + acetoacetyl-CoA
; "show the reaction diagram")
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natural substrates
3-oxoacid CoA-transferase
succinyl-CoA + acetoacetate = succinate + acetoacetyl-CoA
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natural substrates
citryl-CoA lyase
(3S)-citryl-CoA = acetyl-CoA + oxaloacetate
; "show the reaction diagram")
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: a part of multi-step reaction (see R00352, R01322+R00354)natural substrates
succinate dehydrogenase
succinate + FAD = fumarate + FADH2
; "show the reaction diagram")
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natural substrates
succinate + FAD = fumarate + FADH2
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natural substrates
citrate CoA-transferase
acetyl-CoA + citrate = acetate + (3S)-citryl-CoA
; "show the reaction diagram")
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natural substrates
isocitrate-homoisocitrate dehydrogenase
isocitrate + NADP+ = 2-oxoglutarate + CO2 + NADPH + H+
: Glutathione metabolism,Carbon fixation pathways in prokaryotes,
Metabolic pathways,
Microbial metabolism in diverse environments,
Carbon metabolism,
2-Oxocarboxylic acid metabolism,
Biosynthesis of amino acids
: TCA cycle V (2-oxoglutarate:ferredoxin oxidoreductase),methylaspartate cycle,
TCA cycle I (prokaryotic),
partial TCA cycle (obligate autotrophs),
TCA cycle VII (acetate-producers),
TCA cycle IV (2-oxoglutarate decarboxylase),
reductive TCA cycle I,
NAD/NADP-NADH/NADPH cytosolic interconversion (yeast),
ethylene biosynthesis V (engineered),
L-glutamine biosynthesis III,
mixed acid fermentation,
TCA cycle VIII (Helicobacter)
; "show the reaction diagram")
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: two-step reaction (see R01899+R00268)natural substrates
isocitrate dehydrogenase (NAD+)
isocitrate + NADP+ = 2-oxoglutarate + CO2 + NADPH + H+
: Glutathione metabolism,Carbon fixation pathways in prokaryotes,
Metabolic pathways,
Microbial metabolism in diverse environments,
Carbon metabolism,
2-Oxocarboxylic acid metabolism,
Biosynthesis of amino acids
: TCA cycle V (2-oxoglutarate:ferredoxin oxidoreductase),methylaspartate cycle,
TCA cycle I (prokaryotic),
partial TCA cycle (obligate autotrophs),
TCA cycle VII (acetate-producers),
TCA cycle IV (2-oxoglutarate decarboxylase),
reductive TCA cycle I,
NAD/NADP-NADH/NADPH cytosolic interconversion (yeast),
ethylene biosynthesis V (engineered),
L-glutamine biosynthesis III,
mixed acid fermentation,
TCA cycle VIII (Helicobacter)
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: two-step reaction (see R01899+R00268)natural substrates
isocitrate dehydrogenase (NADP+)
isocitrate + NADP+ = 2-oxoglutarate + CO2 + NADPH + H+
: Glutathione metabolism,Carbon fixation pathways in prokaryotes,
Metabolic pathways,
Microbial metabolism in diverse environments,
Carbon metabolism,
2-Oxocarboxylic acid metabolism,
Biosynthesis of amino acids
: TCA cycle V (2-oxoglutarate:ferredoxin oxidoreductase),methylaspartate cycle,
TCA cycle I (prokaryotic),
partial TCA cycle (obligate autotrophs),
TCA cycle VII (acetate-producers),
TCA cycle IV (2-oxoglutarate decarboxylase),
reductive TCA cycle I,
NAD/NADP-NADH/NADPH cytosolic interconversion (yeast),
ethylene biosynthesis V (engineered),
L-glutamine biosynthesis III,
mixed acid fermentation,
TCA cycle VIII (Helicobacter)
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: two-step reaction (see R01899+R00268)natural substrates
2-methylcitrate dehydratase (2-methyl-trans-aconitate forming)
Citrate = cis-aconitate + H2O
: Citrate cycle (TCA cycle),Glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism,
Carbon fixation pathways in prokaryotes,
Metabolic pathways,
Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites,
Microbial metabolism in diverse environments,
Biosynthesis of antibiotics,
2-Oxocarboxylic acid metabolism
: TCA cycle V (2-oxoglutarate:ferredoxin oxidoreductase),methylaspartate cycle,
TCA cycle II (plants and fungi),
TCA cycle I (prokaryotic),
TCA cycle III (animals),
partial TCA cycle (obligate autotrophs),
TCA cycle VII (acetate-producers),
TCA cycle IV (2-oxoglutarate decarboxylase),
reductive TCA cycle II,
reductive TCA cycle I,
ethylene biosynthesis V (engineered),
glyoxylate cycle,
L-glutamine biosynthesis III,
mixed acid fermentation,
TCA cycle VIII (Helicobacter)
; "show the reaction diagram")
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natural substrates
aconitate hydratase
Citrate = cis-aconitate + H2O
: Citrate cycle (TCA cycle),Glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism,
Carbon fixation pathways in prokaryotes,
Metabolic pathways,
Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites,
Microbial metabolism in diverse environments,
Biosynthesis of antibiotics,
2-Oxocarboxylic acid metabolism
: TCA cycle V (2-oxoglutarate:ferredoxin oxidoreductase),methylaspartate cycle,
TCA cycle II (plants and fungi),
TCA cycle I (prokaryotic),
TCA cycle III (animals),
partial TCA cycle (obligate autotrophs),
TCA cycle VII (acetate-producers),
TCA cycle IV (2-oxoglutarate decarboxylase),
reductive TCA cycle II,
reductive TCA cycle I,
ethylene biosynthesis V (engineered),
glyoxylate cycle,
L-glutamine biosynthesis III,
mixed acid fermentation,
TCA cycle VIII (Helicobacter)
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natural substrates
Citrate = cis-aconitate + H2O
: Citrate cycle (TCA cycle),Glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism,
Carbon fixation pathways in prokaryotes,
Metabolic pathways,
Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites,
Microbial metabolism in diverse environments,
Biosynthesis of antibiotics,
2-Oxocarboxylic acid metabolism
: TCA cycle V (2-oxoglutarate:ferredoxin oxidoreductase),methylaspartate cycle,
TCA cycle II (plants and fungi),
TCA cycle I (prokaryotic),
TCA cycle III (animals),
partial TCA cycle (obligate autotrophs),
TCA cycle VII (acetate-producers),
TCA cycle IV (2-oxoglutarate decarboxylase),
reductive TCA cycle II,
reductive TCA cycle I,
ethylene biosynthesis V (engineered),
glyoxylate cycle,
L-glutamine biosynthesis III,
mixed acid fermentation,
TCA cycle VIII (Helicobacter)
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natural substrates
citrate (Si)-synthase
acetyl-CoA + H2O + oxaloacetate = citrate + CoA
: Citrate cycle (TCA cycle),Glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism,
Metabolic pathways,
Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites,
Microbial metabolism in diverse environments,
Biosynthesis of antibiotics,
Carbon metabolism,
2-Oxocarboxylic acid metabolism,
Biosynthesis of amino acids
: TCA cycle V (2-oxoglutarate:ferredoxin oxidoreductase),methylaspartate cycle,
TCA cycle II (plants and fungi),
TCA cycle I (prokaryotic),
TCA cycle III (animals),
partial TCA cycle (obligate autotrophs),
TCA cycle VII (acetate-producers),
TCA cycle IV (2-oxoglutarate decarboxylase),
ethylene biosynthesis V (engineered),
glyoxylate cycle,
L-glutamine biosynthesis III,
mixed acid fermentation,
TCA cycle VIII (Helicobacter)
; "show the reaction diagram")
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: (pro-S)-carboxymethyl-forming (ec 2.3.3.1) (pro-R)-carboxymethyl-forming (ec 2.3.3.3) unknown stereospecificity (ec 2.3.3.16): Citrate synthase is located solely in the mitochondrial matrix. Citrate enters the mitochondrial matrix to react with the enzyme. Experiments done in rat liver indicate that this reaction is physiologically irreversible [7060582]. The reaction occurs in peroxisome in fungi [1897942] and plants [15923350] and in bacterial cytosol[4211224]; Citrate synthase is located solely in the mitochondrial matrix. Citrate enters the mitochondrial matrix to react with the enzyme. Experiments done in rat liver indicate that this reaction is physiologically irreversible [7060582].natural substrates
homocitrate synthase
acetyl-CoA + H2O + oxaloacetate = citrate + CoA
: Citrate cycle (TCA cycle),Glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism,
Metabolic pathways,
Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites,
Microbial metabolism in diverse environments,
Biosynthesis of antibiotics,
Carbon metabolism,
2-Oxocarboxylic acid metabolism,
Biosynthesis of amino acids
: TCA cycle V (2-oxoglutarate:ferredoxin oxidoreductase),methylaspartate cycle,
TCA cycle II (plants and fungi),
TCA cycle I (prokaryotic),
TCA cycle III (animals),
partial TCA cycle (obligate autotrophs),
TCA cycle VII (acetate-producers),
TCA cycle IV (2-oxoglutarate decarboxylase),
ethylene biosynthesis V (engineered),
glyoxylate cycle,
L-glutamine biosynthesis III,
mixed acid fermentation,
TCA cycle VIII (Helicobacter)
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: (pro-S)-carboxymethyl-forming (ec 2.3.3.1) (pro-R)-carboxymethyl-forming (ec 2.3.3.3) unknown stereospecificity (ec 2.3.3.16): Citrate synthase is located solely in the mitochondrial matrix. Citrate enters the mitochondrial matrix to react with the enzyme. Experiments done in rat liver indicate that this reaction is physiologically irreversible [7060582]. The reaction occurs in peroxisome in fungi [1897942] and plants [15923350] and in bacterial cytosol[4211224]; Citrate synthase is located solely in the mitochondrial matrix. Citrate enters the mitochondrial matrix to react with the enzyme. Experiments done in rat liver indicate that this reaction is physiologically irreversible [7060582].natural substrates
citrate synthase (unknown stereospecificity)
acetyl-CoA + H2O + oxaloacetate = citrate + CoA
: Citrate cycle (TCA cycle),Glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism,
Metabolic pathways,
Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites,
Microbial metabolism in diverse environments,
Biosynthesis of antibiotics,
Carbon metabolism,
2-Oxocarboxylic acid metabolism,
Biosynthesis of amino acids
: TCA cycle V (2-oxoglutarate:ferredoxin oxidoreductase),methylaspartate cycle,
TCA cycle II (plants and fungi),
TCA cycle I (prokaryotic),
TCA cycle III (animals),
partial TCA cycle (obligate autotrophs),
TCA cycle VII (acetate-producers),
TCA cycle IV (2-oxoglutarate decarboxylase),
ethylene biosynthesis V (engineered),
glyoxylate cycle,
L-glutamine biosynthesis III,
mixed acid fermentation,
TCA cycle VIII (Helicobacter)
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: (pro-S)-carboxymethyl-forming (ec 2.3.3.1) (pro-R)-carboxymethyl-forming (ec 2.3.3.3) unknown stereospecificity (ec 2.3.3.16): Citrate synthase is located solely in the mitochondrial matrix. Citrate enters the mitochondrial matrix to react with the enzyme. Experiments done in rat liver indicate that this reaction is physiologically irreversible [7060582]. The reaction occurs in peroxisome in fungi [1897942] and plants [15923350] and in bacterial cytosol[4211224]; Citrate synthase is located solely in the mitochondrial matrix. Citrate enters the mitochondrial matrix to react with the enzyme. Experiments done in rat liver indicate that this reaction is physiologically irreversible [7060582].natural substrates
citrate (Re)-synthase
acetyl-CoA + H2O + oxaloacetate = citrate + CoA
: Citrate cycle (TCA cycle),Glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism,
Metabolic pathways,
Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites,
Microbial metabolism in diverse environments,
Biosynthesis of antibiotics,
Carbon metabolism,
2-Oxocarboxylic acid metabolism,
Biosynthesis of amino acids
: TCA cycle V (2-oxoglutarate:ferredoxin oxidoreductase),methylaspartate cycle,
TCA cycle II (plants and fungi),
TCA cycle I (prokaryotic),
TCA cycle III (animals),
partial TCA cycle (obligate autotrophs),
TCA cycle VII (acetate-producers),
TCA cycle IV (2-oxoglutarate decarboxylase),
ethylene biosynthesis V (engineered),
glyoxylate cycle,
L-glutamine biosynthesis III,
mixed acid fermentation,
TCA cycle VIII (Helicobacter)
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: (pro-S)-carboxymethyl-forming (ec 2.3.3.1) (pro-R)-carboxymethyl-forming (ec 2.3.3.3) unknown stereospecificity (ec 2.3.3.16): Citrate synthase is located solely in the mitochondrial matrix. Citrate enters the mitochondrial matrix to react with the enzyme. Experiments done in rat liver indicate that this reaction is physiologically irreversible [7060582]. The reaction occurs in peroxisome in fungi [1897942] and plants [15923350] and in bacterial cytosol[4211224]; Citrate synthase is located solely in the mitochondrial matrix. Citrate enters the mitochondrial matrix to react with the enzyme. Experiments done in rat liver indicate that this reaction is physiologically irreversible [7060582].natural substrates
fumarate hydratase
(S)-malate = fumarate + H2O
: Citrate cycle (TCA cycle),Pyruvate metabolism,
Carbon fixation pathways in prokaryotes,
Metabolic pathways,
Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites,
Microbial metabolism in diverse environments,
Biosynthesis of antibiotics,
Carbon metabolism
: TCA cycle V (2-oxoglutarate:ferredoxin oxidoreductase),methylaspartate cycle,
superpathway of glyoxylate cycle and fatty acid degradation,
TCA cycle II (plants and fungi),
TCA cycle I (prokaryotic),
TCA cycle III (animals),
anaerobic energy metabolism (invertebrates, mitochondrial),
partial TCA cycle (obligate autotrophs),
TCA cycle VII (acetate-producers),
TCA cycle IV (2-oxoglutarate decarboxylase),
reductive TCA cycle II,
incomplete reductive TCA cycle,
reductive TCA cycle I,
mixed acid fermentation,
TCA cycle VIII (Helicobacter),
pyruvate fermentation to propanoate I
; "show the reaction diagram")
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natural substrates
(S)-2-methylmalate dehydratase
(S)-malate = fumarate + H2O
: Citrate cycle (TCA cycle),Pyruvate metabolism,
Carbon fixation pathways in prokaryotes,
Metabolic pathways,
Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites,
Microbial metabolism in diverse environments,
Biosynthesis of antibiotics,
Carbon metabolism
: TCA cycle V (2-oxoglutarate:ferredoxin oxidoreductase),methylaspartate cycle,
superpathway of glyoxylate cycle and fatty acid degradation,
TCA cycle II (plants and fungi),
TCA cycle I (prokaryotic),
TCA cycle III (animals),
anaerobic energy metabolism (invertebrates, mitochondrial),
partial TCA cycle (obligate autotrophs),
TCA cycle VII (acetate-producers),
TCA cycle IV (2-oxoglutarate decarboxylase),
reductive TCA cycle II,
incomplete reductive TCA cycle,
reductive TCA cycle I,
mixed acid fermentation,
TCA cycle VIII (Helicobacter),
pyruvate fermentation to propanoate I
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natural substrates
succinate dehydrogenase
succinate + a quinone = fumarate + a quinol
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natural substrates, generic
fumarate reductase (quinol)
succinate + a quinone = fumarate + a quinol
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natural substrates, generic
acetate-CoA ligase (ADP-forming)
ATP + succinate + CoA = ADP + phosphate + succinyl-CoA
: Citrate cycle (TCA cycle),Propanoate metabolism,
Carbon fixation pathways in prokaryotes,
Metabolic pathways,
Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites,
Microbial metabolism in diverse environments,
Biosynthesis of antibiotics,
Carbon metabolism
: TCA cycle V (2-oxoglutarate:ferredoxin oxidoreductase),methylaspartate cycle,
TCA cycle II (plants and fungi),
TCA cycle I (prokaryotic),
TCA cycle III (animals),
anaerobic energy metabolism (invertebrates, mitochondrial),
partial TCA cycle (obligate autotrophs),
reductive TCA cycle II,
incomplete reductive TCA cycle,
reductive TCA cycle I,
pyruvate fermentation to acetate VI,
pyruvate fermentation to acetate V
; "show the reaction diagram")
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natural substrates
succinate-CoA ligase (GDP-forming)
ATP + succinate + CoA = ADP + phosphate + succinyl-CoA
: Citrate cycle (TCA cycle),Propanoate metabolism,
Carbon fixation pathways in prokaryotes,
Metabolic pathways,
Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites,
Microbial metabolism in diverse environments,
Biosynthesis of antibiotics,
Carbon metabolism
: TCA cycle V (2-oxoglutarate:ferredoxin oxidoreductase),methylaspartate cycle,
TCA cycle II (plants and fungi),
TCA cycle I (prokaryotic),
TCA cycle III (animals),
anaerobic energy metabolism (invertebrates, mitochondrial),
partial TCA cycle (obligate autotrophs),
reductive TCA cycle II,
incomplete reductive TCA cycle,
reductive TCA cycle I,
pyruvate fermentation to acetate VI,
pyruvate fermentation to acetate V
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natural substrates
succinate-CoA ligase (ADP-forming)
ATP + succinate + CoA = ADP + phosphate + succinyl-CoA
: Citrate cycle (TCA cycle),Propanoate metabolism,
Carbon fixation pathways in prokaryotes,
Metabolic pathways,
Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites,
Microbial metabolism in diverse environments,
Biosynthesis of antibiotics,
Carbon metabolism
: TCA cycle V (2-oxoglutarate:ferredoxin oxidoreductase),methylaspartate cycle,
TCA cycle II (plants and fungi),
TCA cycle I (prokaryotic),
TCA cycle III (animals),
anaerobic energy metabolism (invertebrates, mitochondrial),
partial TCA cycle (obligate autotrophs),
reductive TCA cycle II,
incomplete reductive TCA cycle,
reductive TCA cycle I,
pyruvate fermentation to acetate VI,
pyruvate fermentation to acetate V
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natural substrates
L-lactate dehydrogenase
(S)-malate + NAD+ = oxaloacetate + NADH + H+
: Citrate cycle (TCA cycle),Pyruvate metabolism,
Glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism,
Methane metabolism,
Carbon fixation in photosynthetic organisms,
Carbon fixation pathways in prokaryotes,
Metabolic pathways,
Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites,
Microbial metabolism in diverse environments,
Biosynthesis of antibiotics,
Carbon metabolism
: C4 photosynthetic carbon assimilation cycle, NAD-ME type,TCA cycle V (2-oxoglutarate:ferredoxin oxidoreductase),
formaldehyde assimilation I (serine pathway),
methylaspartate cycle,
gluconeogenesis I,
superpathway of glyoxylate cycle and fatty acid degradation,
TCA cycle II (plants and fungi),
TCA cycle I (prokaryotic),
TCA cycle III (animals),
anaerobic energy metabolism (invertebrates, cytosol),
partial TCA cycle (obligate autotrophs),
TCA cycle IV (2-oxoglutarate decarboxylase),
reductive TCA cycle II,
incomplete reductive TCA cycle,
reductive TCA cycle I,
gluconeogenesis III,
glyoxylate cycle,
mixed acid fermentation,
pyruvate fermentation to propanoate I,
L-aspartate degradation II
; "show the reaction diagram")
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natural substrates
D-lactate dehydrogenase
(S)-malate + NAD+ = oxaloacetate + NADH + H+
: Citrate cycle (TCA cycle),Pyruvate metabolism,
Glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism,
Methane metabolism,
Carbon fixation in photosynthetic organisms,
Carbon fixation pathways in prokaryotes,
Metabolic pathways,
Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites,
Microbial metabolism in diverse environments,
Biosynthesis of antibiotics,
Carbon metabolism
: C4 photosynthetic carbon assimilation cycle, NAD-ME type,TCA cycle V (2-oxoglutarate:ferredoxin oxidoreductase),
formaldehyde assimilation I (serine pathway),
methylaspartate cycle,
gluconeogenesis I,
superpathway of glyoxylate cycle and fatty acid degradation,
TCA cycle II (plants and fungi),
TCA cycle I (prokaryotic),
TCA cycle III (animals),
anaerobic energy metabolism (invertebrates, cytosol),
partial TCA cycle (obligate autotrophs),
TCA cycle IV (2-oxoglutarate decarboxylase),
reductive TCA cycle II,
incomplete reductive TCA cycle,
reductive TCA cycle I,
gluconeogenesis III,
glyoxylate cycle,
mixed acid fermentation,
pyruvate fermentation to propanoate I,
L-aspartate degradation II
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natural substrates
malate dehydrogenase [NAD(P)+]
(S)-malate + NAD+ = oxaloacetate + NADH + H+
: Citrate cycle (TCA cycle),Pyruvate metabolism,
Glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism,
Methane metabolism,
Carbon fixation in photosynthetic organisms,
Carbon fixation pathways in prokaryotes,
Metabolic pathways,
Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites,
Microbial metabolism in diverse environments,
Biosynthesis of antibiotics,
Carbon metabolism
: C4 photosynthetic carbon assimilation cycle, NAD-ME type,TCA cycle V (2-oxoglutarate:ferredoxin oxidoreductase),
formaldehyde assimilation I (serine pathway),
methylaspartate cycle,
gluconeogenesis I,
superpathway of glyoxylate cycle and fatty acid degradation,
TCA cycle II (plants and fungi),
TCA cycle I (prokaryotic),
TCA cycle III (animals),
anaerobic energy metabolism (invertebrates, cytosol),
partial TCA cycle (obligate autotrophs),
TCA cycle IV (2-oxoglutarate decarboxylase),
reductive TCA cycle II,
incomplete reductive TCA cycle,
reductive TCA cycle I,
gluconeogenesis III,
glyoxylate cycle,
mixed acid fermentation,
pyruvate fermentation to propanoate I,
L-aspartate degradation II
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natural substrates
L-2-hydroxycarboxylate dehydrogenase (NAD+)
(S)-malate + NAD+ = oxaloacetate + NADH + H+
: Citrate cycle (TCA cycle),Pyruvate metabolism,
Glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism,
Methane metabolism,
Carbon fixation in photosynthetic organisms,
Carbon fixation pathways in prokaryotes,
Metabolic pathways,
Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites,
Microbial metabolism in diverse environments,
Biosynthesis of antibiotics,
Carbon metabolism
: C4 photosynthetic carbon assimilation cycle, NAD-ME type,TCA cycle V (2-oxoglutarate:ferredoxin oxidoreductase),
formaldehyde assimilation I (serine pathway),
methylaspartate cycle,
gluconeogenesis I,
superpathway of glyoxylate cycle and fatty acid degradation,
TCA cycle II (plants and fungi),
TCA cycle I (prokaryotic),
TCA cycle III (animals),
anaerobic energy metabolism (invertebrates, cytosol),
partial TCA cycle (obligate autotrophs),
TCA cycle IV (2-oxoglutarate decarboxylase),
reductive TCA cycle II,
incomplete reductive TCA cycle,
reductive TCA cycle I,
gluconeogenesis III,
glyoxylate cycle,
mixed acid fermentation,
pyruvate fermentation to propanoate I,
L-aspartate degradation II
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natural substrates
malate dehydrogenase
(S)-malate + NAD+ = oxaloacetate + NADH + H+
: Citrate cycle (TCA cycle),Pyruvate metabolism,
Glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism,
Methane metabolism,
Carbon fixation in photosynthetic organisms,
Carbon fixation pathways in prokaryotes,
Metabolic pathways,
Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites,
Microbial metabolism in diverse environments,
Biosynthesis of antibiotics,
Carbon metabolism
: C4 photosynthetic carbon assimilation cycle, NAD-ME type,TCA cycle V (2-oxoglutarate:ferredoxin oxidoreductase),
formaldehyde assimilation I (serine pathway),
methylaspartate cycle,
gluconeogenesis I,
superpathway of glyoxylate cycle and fatty acid degradation,
TCA cycle II (plants and fungi),
TCA cycle I (prokaryotic),
TCA cycle III (animals),
anaerobic energy metabolism (invertebrates, cytosol),
partial TCA cycle (obligate autotrophs),
TCA cycle IV (2-oxoglutarate decarboxylase),
reductive TCA cycle II,
incomplete reductive TCA cycle,
reductive TCA cycle I,
gluconeogenesis III,
glyoxylate cycle,
mixed acid fermentation,
pyruvate fermentation to propanoate I,
L-aspartate degradation II
-
-
-
-
natural substrates
L-2-hydroxycarboxylate dehydrogenase [NAD(P)+]
(S)-malate + NAD+ = oxaloacetate + NADH + H+
: Citrate cycle (TCA cycle),Pyruvate metabolism,
Glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism,
Methane metabolism,
Carbon fixation in photosynthetic organisms,
Carbon fixation pathways in prokaryotes,
Metabolic pathways,
Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites,
Microbial metabolism in diverse environments,
Biosynthesis of antibiotics,
Carbon metabolism
: C4 photosynthetic carbon assimilation cycle, NAD-ME type,TCA cycle V (2-oxoglutarate:ferredoxin oxidoreductase),
formaldehyde assimilation I (serine pathway),
methylaspartate cycle,
gluconeogenesis I,
superpathway of glyoxylate cycle and fatty acid degradation,
TCA cycle II (plants and fungi),
TCA cycle I (prokaryotic),
TCA cycle III (animals),
anaerobic energy metabolism (invertebrates, cytosol),
partial TCA cycle (obligate autotrophs),
TCA cycle IV (2-oxoglutarate decarboxylase),
reductive TCA cycle II,
incomplete reductive TCA cycle,
reductive TCA cycle I,
gluconeogenesis III,
glyoxylate cycle,
mixed acid fermentation,
pyruvate fermentation to propanoate I,
L-aspartate degradation II
-
-
-
-
natural substrates
malate dehydrogenase (oxaloacetate-decarboxylating)
(S)-malate + NAD+ = oxaloacetate + NADH + H+
: Citrate cycle (TCA cycle),Pyruvate metabolism,
Glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism,
Methane metabolism,
Carbon fixation in photosynthetic organisms,
Carbon fixation pathways in prokaryotes,
Metabolic pathways,
Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites,
Microbial metabolism in diverse environments,
Biosynthesis of antibiotics,
Carbon metabolism
: C4 photosynthetic carbon assimilation cycle, NAD-ME type,TCA cycle V (2-oxoglutarate:ferredoxin oxidoreductase),
formaldehyde assimilation I (serine pathway),
methylaspartate cycle,
gluconeogenesis I,
superpathway of glyoxylate cycle and fatty acid degradation,
TCA cycle II (plants and fungi),
TCA cycle I (prokaryotic),
TCA cycle III (animals),
anaerobic energy metabolism (invertebrates, cytosol),
partial TCA cycle (obligate autotrophs),
TCA cycle IV (2-oxoglutarate decarboxylase),
reductive TCA cycle II,
incomplete reductive TCA cycle,
reductive TCA cycle I,
gluconeogenesis III,
glyoxylate cycle,
mixed acid fermentation,
pyruvate fermentation to propanoate I,
L-aspartate degradation II
-
-
-
-
natural substrates
hydroxypyruvate reductase
(S)-malate + NAD+ = oxaloacetate + NADH + H+
: Citrate cycle (TCA cycle),Pyruvate metabolism,
Glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism,
Methane metabolism,
Carbon fixation in photosynthetic organisms,
Carbon fixation pathways in prokaryotes,
Metabolic pathways,
Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites,
Microbial metabolism in diverse environments,
Biosynthesis of antibiotics,
Carbon metabolism
: C4 photosynthetic carbon assimilation cycle, NAD-ME type,TCA cycle V (2-oxoglutarate:ferredoxin oxidoreductase),
formaldehyde assimilation I (serine pathway),
methylaspartate cycle,
gluconeogenesis I,
superpathway of glyoxylate cycle and fatty acid degradation,
TCA cycle II (plants and fungi),
TCA cycle I (prokaryotic),
TCA cycle III (animals),
anaerobic energy metabolism (invertebrates, cytosol),
partial TCA cycle (obligate autotrophs),
TCA cycle IV (2-oxoglutarate decarboxylase),
reductive TCA cycle II,
incomplete reductive TCA cycle,
reductive TCA cycle I,
gluconeogenesis III,
glyoxylate cycle,
mixed acid fermentation,
pyruvate fermentation to propanoate I,
L-aspartate degradation II
-
-
-
-
natural substrates
malate dehydrogenase (NADP+)
(S)-malate + NAD+ = oxaloacetate + NADH + H+
: Citrate cycle (TCA cycle),Pyruvate metabolism,
Glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism,
Methane metabolism,
Carbon fixation in photosynthetic organisms,
Carbon fixation pathways in prokaryotes,
Metabolic pathways,
Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites,
Microbial metabolism in diverse environments,
Biosynthesis of antibiotics,
Carbon metabolism
: C4 photosynthetic carbon assimilation cycle, NAD-ME type,TCA cycle V (2-oxoglutarate:ferredoxin oxidoreductase),
formaldehyde assimilation I (serine pathway),
methylaspartate cycle,
gluconeogenesis I,
superpathway of glyoxylate cycle and fatty acid degradation,
TCA cycle II (plants and fungi),
TCA cycle I (prokaryotic),
TCA cycle III (animals),
anaerobic energy metabolism (invertebrates, cytosol),
partial TCA cycle (obligate autotrophs),
TCA cycle IV (2-oxoglutarate decarboxylase),
reductive TCA cycle II,
incomplete reductive TCA cycle,
reductive TCA cycle I,
gluconeogenesis III,
glyoxylate cycle,
mixed acid fermentation,
pyruvate fermentation to propanoate I,
L-aspartate degradation II
-
-
-
-
natural substrates
3-isopropylmalate dehydrogenase
(S)-malate + NAD+ = oxaloacetate + NADH + H+
: Citrate cycle (TCA cycle),Pyruvate metabolism,
Glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism,
Methane metabolism,
Carbon fixation in photosynthetic organisms,
Carbon fixation pathways in prokaryotes,
Metabolic pathways,
Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites,
Microbial metabolism in diverse environments,
Biosynthesis of antibiotics,
Carbon metabolism
: C4 photosynthetic carbon assimilation cycle, NAD-ME type,TCA cycle V (2-oxoglutarate:ferredoxin oxidoreductase),
formaldehyde assimilation I (serine pathway),
methylaspartate cycle,
gluconeogenesis I,
superpathway of glyoxylate cycle and fatty acid degradation,
TCA cycle II (plants and fungi),
TCA cycle I (prokaryotic),
TCA cycle III (animals),
anaerobic energy metabolism (invertebrates, cytosol),
partial TCA cycle (obligate autotrophs),
TCA cycle IV (2-oxoglutarate decarboxylase),
reductive TCA cycle II,
incomplete reductive TCA cycle,
reductive TCA cycle I,
gluconeogenesis III,
glyoxylate cycle,
mixed acid fermentation,
pyruvate fermentation to propanoate I,
L-aspartate degradation II
-
-
-
-
natural substrates
phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase
(S)-malate + NAD+ = oxaloacetate + NADH + H+
: Citrate cycle (TCA cycle),Pyruvate metabolism,
Glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism,
Methane metabolism,
Carbon fixation in photosynthetic organisms,
Carbon fixation pathways in prokaryotes,
Metabolic pathways,
Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites,
Microbial metabolism in diverse environments,
Biosynthesis of antibiotics,
Carbon metabolism
: C4 photosynthetic carbon assimilation cycle, NAD-ME type,TCA cycle V (2-oxoglutarate:ferredoxin oxidoreductase),
formaldehyde assimilation I (serine pathway),
methylaspartate cycle,
gluconeogenesis I,
superpathway of glyoxylate cycle and fatty acid degradation,
TCA cycle II (plants and fungi),
TCA cycle I (prokaryotic),
TCA cycle III (animals),
anaerobic energy metabolism (invertebrates, cytosol),
partial TCA cycle (obligate autotrophs),
TCA cycle IV (2-oxoglutarate decarboxylase),
reductive TCA cycle II,
incomplete reductive TCA cycle,
reductive TCA cycle I,
gluconeogenesis III,
glyoxylate cycle,
mixed acid fermentation,
pyruvate fermentation to propanoate I,
L-aspartate degradation II
-
-
-
-
natural substrates
diiodophenylpyruvate reductase
(S)-malate + NAD+ = oxaloacetate + NADH + H+
: Citrate cycle (TCA cycle),Pyruvate metabolism,
Glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism,
Methane metabolism,
Carbon fixation in photosynthetic organisms,
Carbon fixation pathways in prokaryotes,
Metabolic pathways,
Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites,
Microbial metabolism in diverse environments,
Biosynthesis of antibiotics,
Carbon metabolism
: C4 photosynthetic carbon assimilation cycle, NAD-ME type,TCA cycle V (2-oxoglutarate:ferredoxin oxidoreductase),
formaldehyde assimilation I (serine pathway),
methylaspartate cycle,
gluconeogenesis I,
superpathway of glyoxylate cycle and fatty acid degradation,
TCA cycle II (plants and fungi),
TCA cycle I (prokaryotic),
TCA cycle III (animals),
anaerobic energy metabolism (invertebrates, cytosol),
partial TCA cycle (obligate autotrophs),
TCA cycle IV (2-oxoglutarate decarboxylase),
reductive TCA cycle II,
incomplete reductive TCA cycle,
reductive TCA cycle I,
gluconeogenesis III,
glyoxylate cycle,
mixed acid fermentation,
pyruvate fermentation to propanoate I,
L-aspartate degradation II
-
-
-
-
natural substrates
malate dehydrogenase [NAD(P)+]
(S)-malate + NADP+ = oxaloacetate + NADPH + H+
; "show the reaction diagram")
-
-
-
-
natural substrates
malate dehydrogenase
(S)-malate + NADP+ = oxaloacetate + NADPH + H+
-
-
-
-
natural substrates
L-2-hydroxycarboxylate dehydrogenase [NAD(P)+]
(S)-malate + NADP+ = oxaloacetate + NADPH + H+
-
-
-
-
natural substrates
glyoxylate reductase (NADP+)
(S)-malate + NADP+ = oxaloacetate + NADPH + H+
-
-
-
-
natural substrates
hydroxypyruvate reductase
(S)-malate + NADP+ = oxaloacetate + NADPH + H+
-
-
-
-
natural substrates
malate dehydrogenase (NADP+)
(S)-malate + NADP+ = oxaloacetate + NADPH + H+
-
-
-
-
natural substrates