Pathways
CO2 fixation in Crenarchaeota (BRENDA)
:= BRENDA, := KEGG, := MetaCyc, := SABIO-RK
:= amino acid sequences := show the reaction diagram
EC Number
Reaction
Pathways
Reaction IDs
Stoichiometry Check
Missing Substrate
Missing Product
Commentary
Remark
4-hydroxybutanoate + NADP+ = succinate semialdehyde + NADPH + H+
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natural substrates
glucuronate reductase
4-hydroxybutanoate + NADP+ = succinate semialdehyde + NADPH + H+
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natural substrates
alcohol dehydrogenase (NADP+)
4-hydroxybutanoate + NADP+ = succinate semialdehyde + NADPH + H+
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natural substrates
glyoxylate reductase
4-hydroxybutanoate + NADP+ = succinate semialdehyde + NADPH + H+
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natural substrates
4-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase
4-hydroxybutanoate + NADP+ = succinate semialdehyde + NADPH + H+
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natural substrates
glyoxylate reductase (NADP+)
4-hydroxybutanoate + NADP+ = succinate semialdehyde + NADPH + H+
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natural substrates
succinate semialdehyde reductase (NADPH)
4-hydroxybutanoate + NADP+ = succinate semialdehyde + NADPH + H+
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natural substrates
1.1.1.co
4-hydroxybutanoate + NADP+ = succinate semialdehyde + NADPH + H+
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natural substrates
3-hydroxybutyryl-CoA dehydrogenase
(S)-3-hydroxybutyryl-CoA + NAD+ = acetoacetyl-CoA + NADH
: Fatty acid degradation,
Lysine degradation,
Tryptophan metabolism,
Butanoate metabolism,
Carbon fixation pathways in prokaryotes,
Metabolic pathways,
Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites,
Microbial metabolism in diverse environments,
Carbon metabolism,
Fatty acid metabolism
Lysine degradation,
Tryptophan metabolism,
Butanoate metabolism,
Carbon fixation pathways in prokaryotes,
Metabolic pathways,
Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites,
Microbial metabolism in diverse environments,
Carbon metabolism,
Fatty acid metabolism
: pyruvate fermentation to hexanol (engineered),
3-hydroxypropanoate/4-hydroxybutanate cycle,
L-glutamate degradation V (via hydroxyglutarate),
pyruvate fermentation to butanoate,
pyruvate fermentation to butanol I,
oleate beta-oxidation,
crotonate fermentation (to acetate and cyclohexane carboxylate),
methyl tert-butyl ether degradation,
2-methylpropene degradation,
glutaryl-CoA degradation,
(R)- and (S)-3-hydroxybutanoate biosynthesis (engineered),
pyruvate fermentation to butanol II (engineered)
3-hydroxypropanoate/4-hydroxybutanate cycle,
L-glutamate degradation V (via hydroxyglutarate),
pyruvate fermentation to butanoate,
pyruvate fermentation to butanol I,
oleate beta-oxidation,
crotonate fermentation (to acetate and cyclohexane carboxylate),
methyl tert-butyl ether degradation,
2-methylpropene degradation,
glutaryl-CoA degradation,
(R)- and (S)-3-hydroxybutanoate biosynthesis (engineered),
pyruvate fermentation to butanol II (engineered)
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natural substrates
3-hydroxy-2-methylbutyryl-CoA dehydrogenase
(S)-3-hydroxybutyryl-CoA + NAD+ = acetoacetyl-CoA + NADH
: Fatty acid degradation,
Lysine degradation,
Tryptophan metabolism,
Butanoate metabolism,
Carbon fixation pathways in prokaryotes,
Metabolic pathways,
Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites,
Microbial metabolism in diverse environments,
Carbon metabolism,
Fatty acid metabolism
Lysine degradation,
Tryptophan metabolism,
Butanoate metabolism,
Carbon fixation pathways in prokaryotes,
Metabolic pathways,
Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites,
Microbial metabolism in diverse environments,
Carbon metabolism,
Fatty acid metabolism
: pyruvate fermentation to hexanol (engineered),
3-hydroxypropanoate/4-hydroxybutanate cycle,
L-glutamate degradation V (via hydroxyglutarate),
pyruvate fermentation to butanoate,
pyruvate fermentation to butanol I,
oleate beta-oxidation,
crotonate fermentation (to acetate and cyclohexane carboxylate),
methyl tert-butyl ether degradation,
2-methylpropene degradation,
glutaryl-CoA degradation,
(R)- and (S)-3-hydroxybutanoate biosynthesis (engineered),
pyruvate fermentation to butanol II (engineered)
3-hydroxypropanoate/4-hydroxybutanate cycle,
L-glutamate degradation V (via hydroxyglutarate),
pyruvate fermentation to butanoate,
pyruvate fermentation to butanol I,
oleate beta-oxidation,
crotonate fermentation (to acetate and cyclohexane carboxylate),
methyl tert-butyl ether degradation,
2-methylpropene degradation,
glutaryl-CoA degradation,
(R)- and (S)-3-hydroxybutanoate biosynthesis (engineered),
pyruvate fermentation to butanol II (engineered)
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natural substrates
3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase
(S)-3-hydroxybutyryl-CoA + NAD+ = acetoacetyl-CoA + NADH
: Fatty acid degradation,
Lysine degradation,
Tryptophan metabolism,
Butanoate metabolism,
Carbon fixation pathways in prokaryotes,
Metabolic pathways,
Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites,
Microbial metabolism in diverse environments,
Carbon metabolism,
Fatty acid metabolism
Lysine degradation,
Tryptophan metabolism,
Butanoate metabolism,
Carbon fixation pathways in prokaryotes,
Metabolic pathways,
Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites,
Microbial metabolism in diverse environments,
Carbon metabolism,
Fatty acid metabolism
: pyruvate fermentation to hexanol (engineered),
3-hydroxypropanoate/4-hydroxybutanate cycle,
L-glutamate degradation V (via hydroxyglutarate),
pyruvate fermentation to butanoate,
pyruvate fermentation to butanol I,
oleate beta-oxidation,
crotonate fermentation (to acetate and cyclohexane carboxylate),
methyl tert-butyl ether degradation,
2-methylpropene degradation,
glutaryl-CoA degradation,
(R)- and (S)-3-hydroxybutanoate biosynthesis (engineered),
pyruvate fermentation to butanol II (engineered)
3-hydroxypropanoate/4-hydroxybutanate cycle,
L-glutamate degradation V (via hydroxyglutarate),
pyruvate fermentation to butanoate,
pyruvate fermentation to butanol I,
oleate beta-oxidation,
crotonate fermentation (to acetate and cyclohexane carboxylate),
methyl tert-butyl ether degradation,
2-methylpropene degradation,
glutaryl-CoA degradation,
(R)- and (S)-3-hydroxybutanoate biosynthesis (engineered),
pyruvate fermentation to butanol II (engineered)
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natural substrates
acetoacetyl-CoA reductase
(S)-3-hydroxybutyryl-CoA + NAD+ = acetoacetyl-CoA + NADH
: Fatty acid degradation,
Lysine degradation,
Tryptophan metabolism,
Butanoate metabolism,
Carbon fixation pathways in prokaryotes,
Metabolic pathways,
Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites,
Microbial metabolism in diverse environments,
Carbon metabolism,
Fatty acid metabolism
Lysine degradation,
Tryptophan metabolism,
Butanoate metabolism,
Carbon fixation pathways in prokaryotes,
Metabolic pathways,
Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites,
Microbial metabolism in diverse environments,
Carbon metabolism,
Fatty acid metabolism
: pyruvate fermentation to hexanol (engineered),
3-hydroxypropanoate/4-hydroxybutanate cycle,
L-glutamate degradation V (via hydroxyglutarate),
pyruvate fermentation to butanoate,
pyruvate fermentation to butanol I,
oleate beta-oxidation,
crotonate fermentation (to acetate and cyclohexane carboxylate),
methyl tert-butyl ether degradation,
2-methylpropene degradation,
glutaryl-CoA degradation,
(R)- and (S)-3-hydroxybutanoate biosynthesis (engineered),
pyruvate fermentation to butanol II (engineered)
3-hydroxypropanoate/4-hydroxybutanate cycle,
L-glutamate degradation V (via hydroxyglutarate),
pyruvate fermentation to butanoate,
pyruvate fermentation to butanol I,
oleate beta-oxidation,
crotonate fermentation (to acetate and cyclohexane carboxylate),
methyl tert-butyl ether degradation,
2-methylpropene degradation,
glutaryl-CoA degradation,
(R)- and (S)-3-hydroxybutanoate biosynthesis (engineered),
pyruvate fermentation to butanol II (engineered)
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natural substrates
3-hydroxypropionyl-CoA dehydratase
a short-chain (3S)-3-hydroxyacyl-CoA = a short-chain trans-2-enoyl-CoA + H2O
: Fatty acid degradation,
Lysine degradation,
Benzoate degradation,
Tryptophan metabolism,
Aminobenzoate degradation,
Butanoate metabolism,
Carbon fixation pathways in prokaryotes,
Metabolic pathways,
Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites,
Microbial metabolism in diverse environments,
Carbon metabolism,
Fatty acid metabolism
Lysine degradation,
Benzoate degradation,
Tryptophan metabolism,
Aminobenzoate degradation,
Butanoate metabolism,
Carbon fixation pathways in prokaryotes,
Metabolic pathways,
Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites,
Microbial metabolism in diverse environments,
Carbon metabolism,
Fatty acid metabolism
: pyruvate fermentation to hexanol (engineered),
3-hydroxypropanoate/4-hydroxybutanate cycle,
gallate degradation III (anaerobic),
L-glutamate degradation V (via hydroxyglutarate),
pyruvate fermentation to butanoate,
pyruvate fermentation to butanol I,
oleate beta-oxidation,
crotonate fermentation (to acetate and cyclohexane carboxylate),
glutaryl-CoA degradation,
pyruvate fermentation to butanol II (engineered)
3-hydroxypropanoate/4-hydroxybutanate cycle,
gallate degradation III (anaerobic),
L-glutamate degradation V (via hydroxyglutarate),
pyruvate fermentation to butanoate,
pyruvate fermentation to butanol I,
oleate beta-oxidation,
crotonate fermentation (to acetate and cyclohexane carboxylate),
glutaryl-CoA degradation,
pyruvate fermentation to butanol II (engineered)
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natural substrates
short-chain-enoyl-CoA hydratase
a short-chain (3S)-3-hydroxyacyl-CoA = a short-chain trans-2-enoyl-CoA + H2O
: Fatty acid degradation,
Lysine degradation,
Benzoate degradation,
Tryptophan metabolism,
Aminobenzoate degradation,
Butanoate metabolism,
Carbon fixation pathways in prokaryotes,
Metabolic pathways,
Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites,
Microbial metabolism in diverse environments,
Carbon metabolism,
Fatty acid metabolism
Lysine degradation,
Benzoate degradation,
Tryptophan metabolism,
Aminobenzoate degradation,
Butanoate metabolism,
Carbon fixation pathways in prokaryotes,
Metabolic pathways,
Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites,
Microbial metabolism in diverse environments,
Carbon metabolism,
Fatty acid metabolism
: pyruvate fermentation to hexanol (engineered),
3-hydroxypropanoate/4-hydroxybutanate cycle,
gallate degradation III (anaerobic),
L-glutamate degradation V (via hydroxyglutarate),
pyruvate fermentation to butanoate,
pyruvate fermentation to butanol I,
oleate beta-oxidation,
crotonate fermentation (to acetate and cyclohexane carboxylate),
glutaryl-CoA degradation,
pyruvate fermentation to butanol II (engineered)
3-hydroxypropanoate/4-hydroxybutanate cycle,
gallate degradation III (anaerobic),
L-glutamate degradation V (via hydroxyglutarate),
pyruvate fermentation to butanoate,
pyruvate fermentation to butanol I,
oleate beta-oxidation,
crotonate fermentation (to acetate and cyclohexane carboxylate),
glutaryl-CoA degradation,
pyruvate fermentation to butanol II (engineered)
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natural substrates
enoyl-CoA hydratase
a short-chain (3S)-3-hydroxyacyl-CoA = a short-chain trans-2-enoyl-CoA + H2O
: Fatty acid degradation,
Lysine degradation,
Benzoate degradation,
Tryptophan metabolism,
Aminobenzoate degradation,
Butanoate metabolism,
Carbon fixation pathways in prokaryotes,
Metabolic pathways,
Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites,
Microbial metabolism in diverse environments,
Carbon metabolism,
Fatty acid metabolism
Lysine degradation,
Benzoate degradation,
Tryptophan metabolism,
Aminobenzoate degradation,
Butanoate metabolism,
Carbon fixation pathways in prokaryotes,
Metabolic pathways,
Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites,
Microbial metabolism in diverse environments,
Carbon metabolism,
Fatty acid metabolism
: pyruvate fermentation to hexanol (engineered),
3-hydroxypropanoate/4-hydroxybutanate cycle,
gallate degradation III (anaerobic),
L-glutamate degradation V (via hydroxyglutarate),
pyruvate fermentation to butanoate,
pyruvate fermentation to butanol I,
oleate beta-oxidation,
crotonate fermentation (to acetate and cyclohexane carboxylate),
glutaryl-CoA degradation,
pyruvate fermentation to butanol II (engineered)
3-hydroxypropanoate/4-hydroxybutanate cycle,
gallate degradation III (anaerobic),
L-glutamate degradation V (via hydroxyglutarate),
pyruvate fermentation to butanoate,
pyruvate fermentation to butanol I,
oleate beta-oxidation,
crotonate fermentation (to acetate and cyclohexane carboxylate),
glutaryl-CoA degradation,
pyruvate fermentation to butanol II (engineered)
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natural substrates
medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase
a short-chain (3S)-3-hydroxyacyl-CoA = a short-chain trans-2-enoyl-CoA + H2O
: Fatty acid degradation,
Lysine degradation,
Benzoate degradation,
Tryptophan metabolism,
Aminobenzoate degradation,
Butanoate metabolism,
Carbon fixation pathways in prokaryotes,
Metabolic pathways,
Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites,
Microbial metabolism in diverse environments,
Carbon metabolism,
Fatty acid metabolism
Lysine degradation,
Benzoate degradation,
Tryptophan metabolism,
Aminobenzoate degradation,
Butanoate metabolism,
Carbon fixation pathways in prokaryotes,
Metabolic pathways,
Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites,
Microbial metabolism in diverse environments,
Carbon metabolism,
Fatty acid metabolism
: pyruvate fermentation to hexanol (engineered),
3-hydroxypropanoate/4-hydroxybutanate cycle,
gallate degradation III (anaerobic),
L-glutamate degradation V (via hydroxyglutarate),
pyruvate fermentation to butanoate,
pyruvate fermentation to butanol I,
oleate beta-oxidation,
crotonate fermentation (to acetate and cyclohexane carboxylate),
glutaryl-CoA degradation,
pyruvate fermentation to butanol II (engineered)
3-hydroxypropanoate/4-hydroxybutanate cycle,
gallate degradation III (anaerobic),
L-glutamate degradation V (via hydroxyglutarate),
pyruvate fermentation to butanoate,
pyruvate fermentation to butanol I,
oleate beta-oxidation,
crotonate fermentation (to acetate and cyclohexane carboxylate),
glutaryl-CoA degradation,
pyruvate fermentation to butanol II (engineered)
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natural substrates
4-hydroxybutanoyl-CoA dehydratase
4-hydroxybutanoyl-CoA = (E)-but-2-enoyl-CoA + H2O
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natural substrates
acetyl-CoA carboxylase
ATP + propanoyl-CoA + HCO3- + H+ = ADP + phosphate + (S)-methylmalonyl-CoA
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: possibly two-step reaction (similar to R00742 or R04385+R04386)
natural substrates
propionyl-CoA carboxylase
ATP + propanoyl-CoA + HCO3- + H+ = ADP + phosphate + (S)-methylmalonyl-CoA
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: possibly two-step reaction (similar to R00742 or R04385+R04386)
natural substrates
acetyl-CoA C-myristoyltransferase
2 acetyl-CoA = CoA + acetoacetyl-CoA
: Fatty acid degradation,
Valine, leucine and isoleucine degradation,
Lysine degradation,
Benzoate degradation,
Tryptophan metabolism,
Pyruvate metabolism,
Glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism,
Butanoate metabolism,
Carbon fixation pathways in prokaryotes,
Terpenoid backbone biosynthesis,
Metabolic pathways,
Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites,
Microbial metabolism in diverse environments,
Carbon metabolism,
Fatty acid metabolism
Valine, leucine and isoleucine degradation,
Lysine degradation,
Benzoate degradation,
Tryptophan metabolism,
Pyruvate metabolism,
Glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism,
Butanoate metabolism,
Carbon fixation pathways in prokaryotes,
Terpenoid backbone biosynthesis,
Metabolic pathways,
Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites,
Microbial metabolism in diverse environments,
Carbon metabolism,
Fatty acid metabolism
: pyruvate fermentation to hexanol (engineered),
3-hydroxypropanoate/4-hydroxybutanate cycle,
L-glutamate degradation V (via hydroxyglutarate),
acetyl-CoA fermentation to butanoate,
L-lysine fermentation to acetate and butanoate,
pyruvate fermentation to butanoate,
pyruvate fermentation to butanol I,
mevalonate pathway IV (archaea),
oleate beta-oxidation,
2-deoxy-D-ribose degradation II,
crotonate fermentation (to acetate and cyclohexane carboxylate),
methyl tert-butyl ether degradation,
2-methylpropene degradation,
mevalonate pathway III (Thermoplasma),
mevalonate pathway I (eukaryotes and bacteria),
ethylmalonyl-CoA pathway,
glutaryl-CoA degradation,
isoprene biosynthesis II (engineered),
(R)- and (S)-3-hydroxybutanoate biosynthesis (engineered),
pyruvate fermentation to butanol II (engineered),
isopropanol biosynthesis (engineered),
polyhydroxybutanoate biosynthesis,
pyruvate fermentation to acetone,
ketolysis,
ketogenesis,
mevalonate pathway II (haloarchaea),
acetoacetate degradation (to acetyl CoA)
3-hydroxypropanoate/4-hydroxybutanate cycle,
L-glutamate degradation V (via hydroxyglutarate),
acetyl-CoA fermentation to butanoate,
L-lysine fermentation to acetate and butanoate,
pyruvate fermentation to butanoate,
pyruvate fermentation to butanol I,
mevalonate pathway IV (archaea),
oleate beta-oxidation,
2-deoxy-D-ribose degradation II,
crotonate fermentation (to acetate and cyclohexane carboxylate),
methyl tert-butyl ether degradation,
2-methylpropene degradation,
mevalonate pathway III (Thermoplasma),
mevalonate pathway I (eukaryotes and bacteria),
ethylmalonyl-CoA pathway,
glutaryl-CoA degradation,
isoprene biosynthesis II (engineered),
(R)- and (S)-3-hydroxybutanoate biosynthesis (engineered),
pyruvate fermentation to butanol II (engineered),
isopropanol biosynthesis (engineered),
polyhydroxybutanoate biosynthesis,
pyruvate fermentation to acetone,
ketolysis,
ketogenesis,
mevalonate pathway II (haloarchaea),
acetoacetate degradation (to acetyl CoA)
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natural substrates
acetyl-CoA C-acyltransferase
2 acetyl-CoA = CoA + acetoacetyl-CoA
: Fatty acid degradation,
Valine, leucine and isoleucine degradation,
Lysine degradation,
Benzoate degradation,
Tryptophan metabolism,
Pyruvate metabolism,
Glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism,
Butanoate metabolism,
Carbon fixation pathways in prokaryotes,
Terpenoid backbone biosynthesis,
Metabolic pathways,
Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites,
Microbial metabolism in diverse environments,
Carbon metabolism,
Fatty acid metabolism
Valine, leucine and isoleucine degradation,
Lysine degradation,
Benzoate degradation,
Tryptophan metabolism,
Pyruvate metabolism,
Glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism,
Butanoate metabolism,
Carbon fixation pathways in prokaryotes,
Terpenoid backbone biosynthesis,
Metabolic pathways,
Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites,
Microbial metabolism in diverse environments,
Carbon metabolism,
Fatty acid metabolism
: pyruvate fermentation to hexanol (engineered),
3-hydroxypropanoate/4-hydroxybutanate cycle,
L-glutamate degradation V (via hydroxyglutarate),
acetyl-CoA fermentation to butanoate,
L-lysine fermentation to acetate and butanoate,
pyruvate fermentation to butanoate,
pyruvate fermentation to butanol I,
mevalonate pathway IV (archaea),
oleate beta-oxidation,
2-deoxy-D-ribose degradation II,
crotonate fermentation (to acetate and cyclohexane carboxylate),
methyl tert-butyl ether degradation,
2-methylpropene degradation,
mevalonate pathway III (Thermoplasma),
mevalonate pathway I (eukaryotes and bacteria),
ethylmalonyl-CoA pathway,
glutaryl-CoA degradation,
isoprene biosynthesis II (engineered),
(R)- and (S)-3-hydroxybutanoate biosynthesis (engineered),
pyruvate fermentation to butanol II (engineered),
isopropanol biosynthesis (engineered),
polyhydroxybutanoate biosynthesis,
pyruvate fermentation to acetone,
ketolysis,
ketogenesis,
mevalonate pathway II (haloarchaea),
acetoacetate degradation (to acetyl CoA)
3-hydroxypropanoate/4-hydroxybutanate cycle,
L-glutamate degradation V (via hydroxyglutarate),
acetyl-CoA fermentation to butanoate,
L-lysine fermentation to acetate and butanoate,
pyruvate fermentation to butanoate,
pyruvate fermentation to butanol I,
mevalonate pathway IV (archaea),
oleate beta-oxidation,
2-deoxy-D-ribose degradation II,
crotonate fermentation (to acetate and cyclohexane carboxylate),
methyl tert-butyl ether degradation,
2-methylpropene degradation,
mevalonate pathway III (Thermoplasma),
mevalonate pathway I (eukaryotes and bacteria),
ethylmalonyl-CoA pathway,
glutaryl-CoA degradation,
isoprene biosynthesis II (engineered),
(R)- and (S)-3-hydroxybutanoate biosynthesis (engineered),
pyruvate fermentation to butanol II (engineered),
isopropanol biosynthesis (engineered),
polyhydroxybutanoate biosynthesis,
pyruvate fermentation to acetone,
ketolysis,
ketogenesis,
mevalonate pathway II (haloarchaea),
acetoacetate degradation (to acetyl CoA)
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natural substrates
[acyl-carrier-protein] S-acetyltransferase
2 acetyl-CoA = CoA + acetoacetyl-CoA
: Fatty acid degradation,
Valine, leucine and isoleucine degradation,
Lysine degradation,
Benzoate degradation,
Tryptophan metabolism,
Pyruvate metabolism,
Glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism,
Butanoate metabolism,
Carbon fixation pathways in prokaryotes,
Terpenoid backbone biosynthesis,
Metabolic pathways,
Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites,
Microbial metabolism in diverse environments,
Carbon metabolism,
Fatty acid metabolism
Valine, leucine and isoleucine degradation,
Lysine degradation,
Benzoate degradation,
Tryptophan metabolism,
Pyruvate metabolism,
Glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism,
Butanoate metabolism,
Carbon fixation pathways in prokaryotes,
Terpenoid backbone biosynthesis,
Metabolic pathways,
Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites,
Microbial metabolism in diverse environments,
Carbon metabolism,
Fatty acid metabolism
: pyruvate fermentation to hexanol (engineered),
3-hydroxypropanoate/4-hydroxybutanate cycle,
L-glutamate degradation V (via hydroxyglutarate),
acetyl-CoA fermentation to butanoate,
L-lysine fermentation to acetate and butanoate,
pyruvate fermentation to butanoate,
pyruvate fermentation to butanol I,
mevalonate pathway IV (archaea),
oleate beta-oxidation,
2-deoxy-D-ribose degradation II,
crotonate fermentation (to acetate and cyclohexane carboxylate),
methyl tert-butyl ether degradation,
2-methylpropene degradation,
mevalonate pathway III (Thermoplasma),
mevalonate pathway I (eukaryotes and bacteria),
ethylmalonyl-CoA pathway,
glutaryl-CoA degradation,
isoprene biosynthesis II (engineered),
(R)- and (S)-3-hydroxybutanoate biosynthesis (engineered),
pyruvate fermentation to butanol II (engineered),
isopropanol biosynthesis (engineered),
polyhydroxybutanoate biosynthesis,
pyruvate fermentation to acetone,
ketolysis,
ketogenesis,
mevalonate pathway II (haloarchaea),
acetoacetate degradation (to acetyl CoA)
3-hydroxypropanoate/4-hydroxybutanate cycle,
L-glutamate degradation V (via hydroxyglutarate),
acetyl-CoA fermentation to butanoate,
L-lysine fermentation to acetate and butanoate,
pyruvate fermentation to butanoate,
pyruvate fermentation to butanol I,
mevalonate pathway IV (archaea),
oleate beta-oxidation,
2-deoxy-D-ribose degradation II,
crotonate fermentation (to acetate and cyclohexane carboxylate),
methyl tert-butyl ether degradation,
2-methylpropene degradation,
mevalonate pathway III (Thermoplasma),
mevalonate pathway I (eukaryotes and bacteria),
ethylmalonyl-CoA pathway,
glutaryl-CoA degradation,
isoprene biosynthesis II (engineered),
(R)- and (S)-3-hydroxybutanoate biosynthesis (engineered),
pyruvate fermentation to butanol II (engineered),
isopropanol biosynthesis (engineered),
polyhydroxybutanoate biosynthesis,
pyruvate fermentation to acetone,
ketolysis,
ketogenesis,
mevalonate pathway II (haloarchaea),
acetoacetate degradation (to acetyl CoA)
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-
-
-
natural substrates
acetyl-CoA C-acetyltransferase
2 acetyl-CoA = CoA + acetoacetyl-CoA
: Fatty acid degradation,
Valine, leucine and isoleucine degradation,
Lysine degradation,
Benzoate degradation,
Tryptophan metabolism,
Pyruvate metabolism,
Glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism,
Butanoate metabolism,
Carbon fixation pathways in prokaryotes,
Terpenoid backbone biosynthesis,
Metabolic pathways,
Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites,
Microbial metabolism in diverse environments,
Carbon metabolism,
Fatty acid metabolism
Valine, leucine and isoleucine degradation,
Lysine degradation,
Benzoate degradation,
Tryptophan metabolism,
Pyruvate metabolism,
Glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism,
Butanoate metabolism,
Carbon fixation pathways in prokaryotes,
Terpenoid backbone biosynthesis,
Metabolic pathways,
Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites,
Microbial metabolism in diverse environments,
Carbon metabolism,
Fatty acid metabolism
: pyruvate fermentation to hexanol (engineered),
3-hydroxypropanoate/4-hydroxybutanate cycle,
L-glutamate degradation V (via hydroxyglutarate),
acetyl-CoA fermentation to butanoate,
L-lysine fermentation to acetate and butanoate,
pyruvate fermentation to butanoate,
pyruvate fermentation to butanol I,
mevalonate pathway IV (archaea),
oleate beta-oxidation,
2-deoxy-D-ribose degradation II,
crotonate fermentation (to acetate and cyclohexane carboxylate),
methyl tert-butyl ether degradation,
2-methylpropene degradation,
mevalonate pathway III (Thermoplasma),
mevalonate pathway I (eukaryotes and bacteria),
ethylmalonyl-CoA pathway,
glutaryl-CoA degradation,
isoprene biosynthesis II (engineered),
(R)- and (S)-3-hydroxybutanoate biosynthesis (engineered),
pyruvate fermentation to butanol II (engineered),
isopropanol biosynthesis (engineered),
polyhydroxybutanoate biosynthesis,
pyruvate fermentation to acetone,
ketolysis,
ketogenesis,
mevalonate pathway II (haloarchaea),
acetoacetate degradation (to acetyl CoA)
3-hydroxypropanoate/4-hydroxybutanate cycle,
L-glutamate degradation V (via hydroxyglutarate),
acetyl-CoA fermentation to butanoate,
L-lysine fermentation to acetate and butanoate,
pyruvate fermentation to butanoate,
pyruvate fermentation to butanol I,
mevalonate pathway IV (archaea),
oleate beta-oxidation,
2-deoxy-D-ribose degradation II,
crotonate fermentation (to acetate and cyclohexane carboxylate),
methyl tert-butyl ether degradation,
2-methylpropene degradation,
mevalonate pathway III (Thermoplasma),
mevalonate pathway I (eukaryotes and bacteria),
ethylmalonyl-CoA pathway,
glutaryl-CoA degradation,
isoprene biosynthesis II (engineered),
(R)- and (S)-3-hydroxybutanoate biosynthesis (engineered),
pyruvate fermentation to butanol II (engineered),
isopropanol biosynthesis (engineered),
polyhydroxybutanoate biosynthesis,
pyruvate fermentation to acetone,
ketolysis,
ketogenesis,
mevalonate pathway II (haloarchaea),
acetoacetate degradation (to acetyl CoA)
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-
-
-
natural substrates
hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase (NADPH)
2 acetyl-CoA = CoA + acetoacetyl-CoA
: Fatty acid degradation,
Valine, leucine and isoleucine degradation,
Lysine degradation,
Benzoate degradation,
Tryptophan metabolism,
Pyruvate metabolism,
Glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism,
Butanoate metabolism,
Carbon fixation pathways in prokaryotes,
Terpenoid backbone biosynthesis,
Metabolic pathways,
Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites,
Microbial metabolism in diverse environments,
Carbon metabolism,
Fatty acid metabolism
Valine, leucine and isoleucine degradation,
Lysine degradation,
Benzoate degradation,
Tryptophan metabolism,
Pyruvate metabolism,
Glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism,
Butanoate metabolism,
Carbon fixation pathways in prokaryotes,
Terpenoid backbone biosynthesis,
Metabolic pathways,
Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites,
Microbial metabolism in diverse environments,
Carbon metabolism,
Fatty acid metabolism
: pyruvate fermentation to hexanol (engineered),
3-hydroxypropanoate/4-hydroxybutanate cycle,
L-glutamate degradation V (via hydroxyglutarate),
acetyl-CoA fermentation to butanoate,
L-lysine fermentation to acetate and butanoate,
pyruvate fermentation to butanoate,
pyruvate fermentation to butanol I,
mevalonate pathway IV (archaea),
oleate beta-oxidation,
2-deoxy-D-ribose degradation II,
crotonate fermentation (to acetate and cyclohexane carboxylate),
methyl tert-butyl ether degradation,
2-methylpropene degradation,
mevalonate pathway III (Thermoplasma),
mevalonate pathway I (eukaryotes and bacteria),
ethylmalonyl-CoA pathway,
glutaryl-CoA degradation,
isoprene biosynthesis II (engineered),
(R)- and (S)-3-hydroxybutanoate biosynthesis (engineered),
pyruvate fermentation to butanol II (engineered),
isopropanol biosynthesis (engineered),
polyhydroxybutanoate biosynthesis,
pyruvate fermentation to acetone,
ketolysis,
ketogenesis,
mevalonate pathway II (haloarchaea),
acetoacetate degradation (to acetyl CoA)
3-hydroxypropanoate/4-hydroxybutanate cycle,
L-glutamate degradation V (via hydroxyglutarate),
acetyl-CoA fermentation to butanoate,
L-lysine fermentation to acetate and butanoate,
pyruvate fermentation to butanoate,
pyruvate fermentation to butanol I,
mevalonate pathway IV (archaea),
oleate beta-oxidation,
2-deoxy-D-ribose degradation II,
crotonate fermentation (to acetate and cyclohexane carboxylate),
methyl tert-butyl ether degradation,
2-methylpropene degradation,
mevalonate pathway III (Thermoplasma),
mevalonate pathway I (eukaryotes and bacteria),
ethylmalonyl-CoA pathway,
glutaryl-CoA degradation,
isoprene biosynthesis II (engineered),
(R)- and (S)-3-hydroxybutanoate biosynthesis (engineered),
pyruvate fermentation to butanol II (engineered),
isopropanol biosynthesis (engineered),
polyhydroxybutanoate biosynthesis,
pyruvate fermentation to acetone,
ketolysis,
ketogenesis,
mevalonate pathway II (haloarchaea),
acetoacetate degradation (to acetyl CoA)
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-
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-
natural substrates
methylmalonyl-CoA epimerase
(R)-methylmalonyl-CoA = (S)-methylmalonyl-CoA
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-
-
-
natural substrates
alcohol dehydrogenase (NADP+)
4-hydroxybutanoate + NAD+ = succinate semialdehyde + NADH + H+
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-
-
-
natural substrates
aldose reductase
4-hydroxybutanoate + NAD+ = succinate semialdehyde + NADH + H+
-
-
-
-
natural substrates
4-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase
4-hydroxybutanoate + NAD+ = succinate semialdehyde + NADH + H+
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-
-
-
natural substrates
glyoxylate reductase (NADP+)
4-hydroxybutanoate + NAD+ = succinate semialdehyde + NADH + H+
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-
-
-
natural substrates
succinate semialdehyde reductase (NADPH)
4-hydroxybutanoate + NAD+ = succinate semialdehyde + NADH + H+
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-
-
natural substrates
malonyl-CoA reductase (malonate semialdehyde-forming)
succinate semialdehyde + CoA + NADP+ = succinyl-CoA + NADPH + H+
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-
-
-
natural substrates
succinate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase (acylating)
succinate semialdehyde + CoA + NADP+ = succinyl-CoA + NADPH + H+
-
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-
-
natural substrates
4-hydroxybutyrate-CoA ligase (AMP-forming)
ATP + 4-hydroxybutanoate + CoA = AMP + diphosphate + 4-hydroxybutanoyl-CoA
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-
-
-
natural substrates
methylmalonyl-CoA mutase
(R)-methylmalonyl-CoA = succinyl-CoA
: Valine, leucine and isoleucine degradation,
Glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism,
Propanoate metabolism,
Carbon fixation pathways in prokaryotes,
Metabolic pathways,
Microbial metabolism in diverse environments,
Carbon metabolism
Glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism,
Propanoate metabolism,
Carbon fixation pathways in prokaryotes,
Metabolic pathways,
Microbial metabolism in diverse environments,
Carbon metabolism
: (S)-lactate fermentation to propanoate, acetate and hydrogen,
3-hydroxypropanoate/4-hydroxybutanate cycle,
pyruvate fermentation to propanoate I,
methylaspartate cycle,
3-hydroxypropanoate cycle,
crotonyl-CoA/ethylmalonyl-CoA/hydroxybutyryl-CoA cycle (engineered),
anaerobic energy metabolism (invertebrates, mitochondrial),
propanoyl CoA degradation I,
conversion of succinate to propanoate
3-hydroxypropanoate/4-hydroxybutanate cycle,
pyruvate fermentation to propanoate I,
methylaspartate cycle,
3-hydroxypropanoate cycle,
crotonyl-CoA/ethylmalonyl-CoA/hydroxybutyryl-CoA cycle (engineered),
anaerobic energy metabolism (invertebrates, mitochondrial),
propanoyl CoA degradation I,
conversion of succinate to propanoate
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natural substrates
ethylmalonyl-CoA mutase
(R)-methylmalonyl-CoA = succinyl-CoA
: Valine, leucine and isoleucine degradation,
Glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism,
Propanoate metabolism,
Carbon fixation pathways in prokaryotes,
Metabolic pathways,
Microbial metabolism in diverse environments,
Carbon metabolism
Glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism,
Propanoate metabolism,
Carbon fixation pathways in prokaryotes,
Metabolic pathways,
Microbial metabolism in diverse environments,
Carbon metabolism
: (S)-lactate fermentation to propanoate, acetate and hydrogen,
3-hydroxypropanoate/4-hydroxybutanate cycle,
pyruvate fermentation to propanoate I,
methylaspartate cycle,
3-hydroxypropanoate cycle,
crotonyl-CoA/ethylmalonyl-CoA/hydroxybutyryl-CoA cycle (engineered),
anaerobic energy metabolism (invertebrates, mitochondrial),
propanoyl CoA degradation I,
conversion of succinate to propanoate
3-hydroxypropanoate/4-hydroxybutanate cycle,
pyruvate fermentation to propanoate I,
methylaspartate cycle,
3-hydroxypropanoate cycle,
crotonyl-CoA/ethylmalonyl-CoA/hydroxybutyryl-CoA cycle (engineered),
anaerobic energy metabolism (invertebrates, mitochondrial),
propanoyl CoA degradation I,
conversion of succinate to propanoate
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natural substrates
2-hydroxyisobutanoyl-CoA mutase
(R)-methylmalonyl-CoA = succinyl-CoA
: Valine, leucine and isoleucine degradation,
Glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism,
Propanoate metabolism,
Carbon fixation pathways in prokaryotes,
Metabolic pathways,
Microbial metabolism in diverse environments,
Carbon metabolism
Glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism,
Propanoate metabolism,
Carbon fixation pathways in prokaryotes,
Metabolic pathways,
Microbial metabolism in diverse environments,
Carbon metabolism
: (S)-lactate fermentation to propanoate, acetate and hydrogen,
3-hydroxypropanoate/4-hydroxybutanate cycle,
pyruvate fermentation to propanoate I,
methylaspartate cycle,
3-hydroxypropanoate cycle,
crotonyl-CoA/ethylmalonyl-CoA/hydroxybutyryl-CoA cycle (engineered),
anaerobic energy metabolism (invertebrates, mitochondrial),
propanoyl CoA degradation I,
conversion of succinate to propanoate
3-hydroxypropanoate/4-hydroxybutanate cycle,
pyruvate fermentation to propanoate I,
methylaspartate cycle,
3-hydroxypropanoate cycle,
crotonyl-CoA/ethylmalonyl-CoA/hydroxybutyryl-CoA cycle (engineered),
anaerobic energy metabolism (invertebrates, mitochondrial),
propanoyl CoA degradation I,
conversion of succinate to propanoate
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natural substrates
malonate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase (acetylating)
malonate semialdehyde + CoA + NADP+ = malonyl-CoA + NADPH + H+
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natural substrates
malonyl-CoA reductase (malonate semialdehyde-forming)
malonate semialdehyde + CoA + NADP+ = malonyl-CoA + NADPH + H+
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natural substrates
propanoyl-CoA + NADP+ = acryloyl-CoA + NADPH + H+
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natural substrates
acrylyl-CoA reductase (NADPH)
propanoyl-CoA + NADP+ = acryloyl-CoA + NADPH + H+
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-
natural substrates
acrylyl-CoA reductase (NADH)
propanoyl-CoA + NADP+ = acryloyl-CoA + NADPH + H+
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-
natural substrates
acetyl-CoA carboxylase
ATP + acetyl-CoA + hydrogencarbonate = ADP + phosphate + malonyl-CoA
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-
: two-step reaction (see R04385 + R04386)
natural substrates
propionyl-CoA carboxylase
ATP + acetyl-CoA + hydrogencarbonate = ADP + phosphate + malonyl-CoA
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-
: two-step reaction (see R04385 + R04386)
natural substrates
methylcrotonoyl-CoA carboxylase
ATP + acetyl-CoA + hydrogencarbonate = ADP + phosphate + malonyl-CoA
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-
: two-step reaction (see R04385 + R04386)
natural substrates
3-hydroxypropanoyl-CoA = acryloyl-CoA + H2O
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natural substrates
3-hydroxypropionyl-CoA dehydratase
3-hydroxypropanoyl-CoA = acryloyl-CoA + H2O
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natural substrates
enoyl-CoA hydratase
3-hydroxypropanoyl-CoA = acryloyl-CoA + H2O
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-
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-
natural substrates
propionate-CoA ligase
3-hydroxypropanoate + ATP + CoA = 3-hydroxypropanoyl-CoA + AMP + diphosphate
-
-
-
: 3-hydroxypropionyl-CoA synthetase
natural substrates
3-hydroxypropionyl-CoA synthase
3-hydroxypropanoate + ATP + CoA = 3-hydroxypropanoyl-CoA + AMP + diphosphate
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-
: 3-hydroxypropionyl-CoA synthetase
natural substrates
4-hydroxybutyrate-CoA ligase (AMP-forming)
3-hydroxypropanoate + ATP + CoA = 3-hydroxypropanoyl-CoA + AMP + diphosphate
-
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-
: 3-hydroxypropionyl-CoA synthetase
natural substrates
malonyl-CoA reductase (malonate semialdehyde-forming)
3-hydroxypropanoate + NADP+ = malonate semialdehyde + NADPH + H+
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-
natural substrates
3-hydroxypropanoate + NADP+ = malonate semialdehyde + NADPH + H+
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-
natural substrates
alcohol dehydrogenase (NADP+)
3-hydroxypropanoate + NADP+ = malonate semialdehyde + NADPH + H+
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-
natural substrates
serine 3-dehydrogenase (NADP+)
3-hydroxypropanoate + NADP+ = malonate semialdehyde + NADPH + H+
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-
natural substrates
3-hydroxypropionate dehydrogenase (NADP+)
3-hydroxypropanoate + NADP+ = malonate semialdehyde + NADPH + H+
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natural substrates
4-hydroxybutyrate + acetyl-CoA = acetate + 4-hydroxybutanoyl-CoA
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-
natural substrates
propionate CoA-transferase
4-hydroxybutyrate + acetyl-CoA = acetate + 4-hydroxybutanoyl-CoA
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natural substrates
2.8.3.M6
4-hydroxybutyrate + acetyl-CoA = acetate + 4-hydroxybutanoyl-CoA
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natural substrates